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151.
Interval between reproductive events is an important factor for iteroparous animals because it determines the number of clutches
throughout life. This study examined whether female size, clutch size, shell size and prenuptial molting affected the clutch
interval in the hermit crab Pagurus nigrivittatus. Precopulatory guarding pairs of P. nigrivittatus were sampled in the field and kept in the laboratory until the female extruded eggs. The clutch interval of each female was
assessed as one of two types of relatively “short” and “long” intervals by checking whether the guarded female had eggs and/or
egg cases from the preceding brood or not when the guarding pair was collected. The clutch interval was longer in females
with prenuptial molting than those without molting and these females usually grew larger at the prenuptial molt. This suggests
that female P. nigrivittatus with a long interval might allocate energy into growth at the expense of the number of clutches during the current reproductive
season. The allocation to growth is theoretically predicted to decrease with female size. Gastropod shell size is also known
to affect the reproductive activity in hermit crabs. However, female size did not significantly affect the clutch interval
in P. nigrivittatus, and the effect of gastropod shell size on clutch interval was not consistent with previous empirical studies. These results
may be caused by differences in the gastropod species of shell occupied by the females of P. nigrivittatus. 相似文献
152.
Microbial activity and accumulation of organic matter in the burrow of the thalassinidean mud shrimp, Upogebia major, were studied on a tidal flat along the northern coast of Tokyo Bay, Japan. The burrow of U. major is Y-shaped with an upper U-shaped part plus a lower I-shaped part. Its lower part can extend to a depth of 2 m. In the present
study, we compare electron transport system activity (ETSA), bacterial abundance and organic matter content [total organic
carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and chlorophyll a (chl. a)] of the burrow wall sediment with the tidal flat surface and non-burrow sediments. We also compared the U- and I-shaped
part in terms of these parameters. ETSA in the burrow wall was higher than at the tidal flat surface in the warmer season,
and was always higher than at surrounding non-burrow sediments. Bacterial abundance in the burrow wall was higher than at
the tidal flat surface and surrounding sediment. TOC and TN contents in the burrow wall were two to three times higher than
those at the tidal flat surface and non-burrow sediments, regardless of season. However, there was no significant difference
in chl. a content between burrow wall and tidal flat surface. These results suggest that organic enrichment of the burrow wall is a
result of organic matter particles such as phytodebris accumulation along the burrow wall. For all parameters of the burrow
walls, no statistical differences were found between the two parts. Present results indicate that U. major actively transports the water containing suspended organic particles not only through the U-part but also into the deeper
I-part. These indicate that burrow of the mud shrimp provides a dynamic environment for microbial community in tidal flat
sediment. 相似文献
153.
Impact of FEBRA (fermented brown rice with Aspergillus oryzae, a rich dietary fiber) intake on the concentrations of polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs), -dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs), -dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), and -dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in blood of nine married Japanese were studied for 2 years. Concentrations of total PCBs (average+/-standard deviation) were greater 326,000+/-263,000 and 207,000+/-89,000 in FEBRA-intake and non-FEBRA-intake groups, respectively, on pg/g lipid (from now onwards data expressed on pg/g lipid). DLPCBs were second major contaminants 94,000+/-77,000 and 60,000+/-28,000, orderly in FEBRA-intake and non-FEBRA-intake groups. The concentrations of PCDD/DFs were several orders of magnitude lower than those of PCBs, whereas PCDDs were greater (433+/-233 and 512+/-511, in FEBRA-intake and non-FEBRA-intake groups, respectively) than PCDFs (56+/-50 and 43+/-35). Calculated toxic equivalency (TEQ) concentrations were 34+/-24 and 23+/-10 in FEBRA-intake and non-FEBRA-intake groups, respectively. In order to corroborate the impact of FEBRA, the changes of PCDD/DFs and PCB concentrations for 0.5-year, 1-year, 1.5-year, and 2-year samples were estimated from average concentration of 1-day before study commences and 1-week study samples. The results explicit FEBRA-intake group eliminated 7%, 33%, 45%, 36%, and 26% and non-FEBRA-intake group eliminated 8%, 28%, 36%, 31%, and 20% of DLPCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PCDD/DF TEQ and total TEQ, respectively. This study is the first of its kind showing the possible elimination of PCDDs, PCDFs and their TEQ in humans from Japan after the consumption of FEBRA. 相似文献
154.
Biobased Epoxy/Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Thermophysical Properties and Fracture Behavior Evaluation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroaki?Miyagawa Manjusri?Misra Lawrence?T.?Drzal Amar?K.?MohantyEmail author 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2005,13(2):87-96
The biobased epoxy containing epoxidized linseed oil (ELO) and its clay nanocomposites were processed with an anhydride curing agent. The certain amount of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F (DGEBF) was replaced by ELO. The selection of the DGEBF, ELO, an anhydride curing agent, and organo-montmorillonite clay resulted in an excellent combination, to provide new biobased epoxy/clay nanocomposites showing high elastic modulus, high glass transition temperature, and high fracture toughness with larger amount of ELO. Izod impact strength was almost constant while changing the amount of ELO. This is a promising result for future applications in different engineering industries. 相似文献
155.
156.
Atsumi Miyake Hidefumi Kobayashi Hiroshi Echigoya Shiro Kubota Yuji Wada Yuji Ogata Hiroyuki Arai Terushige Ogawa 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2007,20(4-6):584-588
To better understand the detonation characteristics of ammonium nitrate (AN) and activated carbon (AC) mixtures, steel tube tests were carried out for AN/AC mixtures of various compositions and different forms of AN (powdered, prilled, phase stabilized and granular), and the detonation velocity was measured. The powdered AN/AC mixtures gave higher detonation velocities than the other AN forms. For all the AN/AC mixtures, the experimentally observed detonation velocities at each loading density were far below the theoretically predicted values calculated by the CHEETAH code based on thermohydrodynamics, exhibiting so-called non-ideal detonation. The lowest detonation velocity of powdered AN/AC mixtures was obtained as D=1.25 km/s for an AC content of 0.1 wt%. This was considered to be close to the critical condition for stable detonation. 相似文献
157.
Functions of the major cheliped in pagurid hermit crabs have been studied in fights for shells. The major cheliped often shows
sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that sexual selection favors the development of the male major cheliped. The function of
the major cheliped in male–male competition was examined in Pagurus nigrofascia collected from April to June 2009 on the intertidal rocky shore in southern Hokkaido, Japan (41°N, 140°E). Sexual size dimorphism
of the major cheliped was observed, and precopulatory guarding males had larger major chelipeds than solitary ones. Guarding
males used the major cheliped to deter intruders during competitive interactions. Males without a major cheliped were disadvantaged
even if they were larger than opponents and had ownership. Cheliped size affected the outcomes of contests between similar
sized males. This suggests that the male major cheliped in P. nigrofascia protects mates from competitors and, consequently, enhances male mating success. Sexual selection may favor the development
of the major cheliped in male pagurids. 相似文献
158.
Taguchi Shigeru Hagiwara Moe Shibata Ayumi Fujinari Hiroaki Matsumoto Sayaka Kuwata Makoto Sazawa Kazuto Hata Noriko Kuramitz Hideki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(11):13425-13438
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Formaldehyde (HCHO) is a naturally occurring compound found in ambient air which can induce cancer and sick-building syndrome. It plays an important... 相似文献
159.
Chidya Russel Derbalah Aly Abdel-Dayem Sherif Kaonga Chikumbusko Tsuji Hiroaki Takeda Kazuhiko Sakugawa Hiroshi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(45):67894-67907
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - We assessed the contamination, dynamics, and health risks of the pesticides cyanazine, simetryn, fenarimol, isoprothiolane, diazinon, irgarol,... 相似文献
160.
Large-scale evaluation of the current level of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from 13 regions of Japan 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Eslami B Koizumi A Ohta S Inoue K Aozasa O Harada K Yoshinaga T Date C Fujii S Fujimine Y Hachiya N Hirosawa I Koda S Kusaka Y Murata K Nakatsuka H Omae K Saito N Shimbo S Takenaka K Takeshita T Todoriki H Wada Y Watanabe T Ikeda M 《Chemosphere》2006,63(4):554-561
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in 2004 in 105 breast milk samples collected from 13 regions of Japan (Hokkaido, Akita, Miyagi, Tokyo, Gifu, Fukui, Kyoto, Hyogo, Wakayama, Shimane, Yamaguchi, Kochi and Okinawa). Six congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100, BDE-153 and BDE-154) were determined by gas chromatography /mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Total PBDE levels ranged from 0.01 to 23.0 ng/g lipid (geometric mean (GM), 1.34 ng/g lipid). BDE-47 (GM, 0.66 ng/g lipid, 59% of sigmaPBDE) was the most abundant congener present in breast milk and was detected in 99% of the samples. Total PBDE levels were higher in northern Japan than in other regions. We analyzed the effects of occupation, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and number of deliveries on total PBDE levels. None of these factors were significantly associated with the level of PBDEs. The present study revealed that the current level of exposure to PBDEs in Japan is lower than that in the USA or Sweden. GMs (ng/g lipid) (GSD, geometric standard deviation) and medians (ng/g lipid) of PBDE levels in each district are as follows: Hokkaido 2.70 (1.70), 2.74; Akita 4.49 (2.19), 5.44; Miyagi 1.77 (4.37), 1.11; Tokyo 1.39 (2.09), 1.63, Gifu 2.83 (4.79), 2.23; Fukui 1.05 (2.34), 1.18; Kyoto 1.31 (2.95), 1.33; Hyogo 1.02 (2.69), 0.88; Wakayama 1.33 (3.80), 1.70; Shimane 0.83 (2.51), 0.66; Yamaguchi 1.74 (2.82), 1.76; Kochi 0.50 (2.69), 0.74 and Okinawa 1.91 (2.75), 1.22. This is the first large-scale study of current PBDE levels in breast milk in Japan. 相似文献