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排序方式: 共有269条查询结果,搜索用时 187 毫秒
221.
Iijima A Tago H Kumagai K Kato M Kozawa K Sato K Furuta N 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2008,10(9):1025-1032
Airborne particulate matter, suspected to induce adverse effects on human health, have been one of the most important concerns regarding recent air pollution issues in Japan. To characterize regional and seasonal variations in emission sources of fine airborne particulate matter (d < 2 microm), monthly samples (n = 36 for each site) were collected at urban (Tokyo), suburban (Maebashi), and mountainous (Akagi) sites in Japan from April 2003 to March 2006. Multielement analysis of chemical species (Na, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sb, and Pb) was performed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The combined source receptor model, which consists of positive matrix factorization and chemical mass balance, determined the contributions of nine emission sources (local and continental soils, road dust, coal and oil combustion, waste incineration, steel industry, brake wear, and diesel exhaust) to the observed elemental concentrations. Large regional differences were identified in the source contributions among the observational sites. Diesel exhaust was identified as the most significant source (70% of identified contributions) at the urban site. Local and continental soils, coal combustion, and diesel exhaust were intricately assigned (20-30% each) to the suburban site. Continental soil was the predominant source (65%) at the mountainous site. Respective significant source contributions dominated the seasonal variations of total elemental concentrations at each site. These results suggest that a better understanding of the regional and seasonal characteristics of impacting emission sources will be important for improving regional environments. 相似文献
222.
Yong-Jin Park Hiroshi Tsuno Taira Hidaka Ji-Hoon Cheon 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):46-52
In this study, the effect of operational parameters, such as solids retention time (SRT), pH, and substrate total solids (TS)
concentration, on acid fermentation efficiency was investigated. From batch tests, it was shown that the appropriate pH range
for thermophilic acidogens was around 6–7 and that the optimum pH condition was 6. From the continuous experiment, pH and
SRT were shown to be the most important operational parameters for solubilization and organic acid production. In contrast,
TS concentration did not show any obvious effect on chromium chemical oxygen demand (CODcr) solubilization when TS was in
the range 3.5%–10%. The optimum operational conditions for thermophilic acid fermentation were an SRT of 2 days and a pH of
6.
This research was carried as a part of the CREST project of Japan Science and Technology Agency. 相似文献
223.
Decolorization and estrogenic activity of colored livestock wastewater after electrolysis treatment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hotaka Kai Yasuhiro Ishibashi Taiki Mori Hiroshi Ishibashi Isao Kawaguchi Hiroki Ohwaki Takehiro Takemasa Koji Arizono 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2010,12(2):128-135
Livestock wastewater is treated by activated sludge treatment. Untreated livestock wastewater has high estrogen activity because
animal excreta contains estrogen. When activated sludge treatment is applied, the estrogen activity declines or is lost. However,
the color of treated livestock wastewater is deep brownish-red because of the decomposition of organic compounds or the synthesis
of metabolites. Discharging colored wastewater to the environment could cause some problems, so it is necessary to decolorize
colored wastewater before it is discharged. It has been suggested that electrolysis decolorization technology is suitable
for treating colored wastewater; however, the process produces volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In fact, little research
has been conducted with reference to estrogen activity in wastewater that has undergone electrolysis, especially on the contribution
of the electrolysis decolorization process to estrogen activity, i.e., the possibility of resynthesis of some substance with
estrogen activity due to resolved and metabolized colored components. In this study, the concentration of VOC was measured
for various electrolysis conditions, and estrogen activity was examined using a yeast two-hybrid assay. From the results,
decolorization of colored livestock wastewater by electrolysis was possible, and the VOC generation during electrolysis could
be controlled depending on the electrolysis conditions. Estrogen activity in colored livestock wastewater disappeared on electrolysis
decolorization. 相似文献
224.
Shigetaka Seki Yoichi Yamashita Hiroshi Kamikawaji Alfons Buekens Toshiaki Yoshioka 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(4):2068-2076
It is of huge importance for sustainability to find a pragmatic solution for recycling of a variety of wastes emitted in small mass such as the case of wallpaper replacements. A combination of two-step sorting scheme and transportation of the wastes in collaboration with the wholesalers was proposed to enhance the efficiency of recycling. The two-step sorting consists of the first sorting at the wallpaper hanging sites to separate and group wastes in a way to avoid heavy additional burden on the hanging job. Secondary sorting is conducted at a Sorting Center to re-group wastes to send to an intermediate processing company for recycling. To minimize the costs for transportation, the grouped wastes emitted at the hanging sites are brought back by the hangers and kept temporally and then moved to the wholesaler(s) on the way to receive new materials. When the wastes at the wholesaler(s) become sufficiently large for economic transportation, a truck is arranged to collect the wastes to transport them to the Sorting Center. A feasibility study to test the practicality of the method confirmed that it could be operable and the cost would be comparable or lower than that currently incurred for disposal of the wastes. 相似文献
225.
Kazuhiro Okabe Hiroshi Mano Yuichi Fujioka 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(4):597-602
The membrane flash process utilizing waste thermal energy was developed to achieve an energy-saving technology and to substitute it for a conventional regenerator. The operating conditions of the membrane flash at high temperature were studied. The petroleum refining process and iron manufacturing process were proposed for candidate processes that actually had waste energy sources. The DEA concentration and the flashing pressure had optimum values to improve the performance and reduce the energy consumption for CO2 recovery. Energy consumptions and costs for CO2 recovery in the membrane flash and chemical absorption were estimated by a process simulator and discussed under the same conditions. The membrane flash can achieve lower energy capture than the chemical absorption for the above industrial processes. The membrane flash is suitable for the CO2 emission sources that had high CO2 concentration independently of the plant scale. The chemical absorption can be applied if the plant scale is large and also the CO2 concentration is low. 相似文献
226.
Shinichi Ogiyama Hiroshi Takeda Nobuyoshi Ishii Shigeo Uchida 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(2):177-184
Migration of 14C derived from 14C-acetic acid was examined by using soils sampled from paddies in four administrative areas in Japan (Aomori, Yamanashi, Ehime and Okinawa) and rice plant in a tracer experiment to understand the fate of 14C in the paddy soil-to-rice plant system. The loss of 14C radioactivity levels derived from 14C-acetic acid was caused by soil microorganism breakdown. A part of the 14C fixation to soil was caused by microbial assimilation into the fatty acid fraction. 14C moved upward via two different types of 14C dynamics in soil: quick movement upward; and constant but slow movement upward. 14C was highly assimilated into the plant panicle and that was caused by the root-uptake and the transfer of 14C. Migration of 14C derived from 14C-acetic acid relied heavily upon changes of chemical forms and characteristics of 14C-compound as caused by microorganisms in soil. 相似文献
227.
The management of waste materials arising from home health and medical care services (HHMC wastes) in Japan is now receiving greater attention from governmental workers dealing with general household waste materials. In general, HHMC waste materials are collected in a mixed form, transported and disposed of along with municipal solid wastes. As a result, municipal workers are suffering needle stick accidents so that infections associated with HHMC waste materials may occur. The collection and transportation by patients and their families of HHMC waste materials with sharp-edges, such as injection needles, to medical-related facilities can prevent municipal workers from experiencing needle-prick accidents. One of the most important strategies for medical-related facilities is hence the education of patients and their families. Improved rules for handling HHMC waste materials are essential for the safe and effective management. 相似文献
228.
Renoux AY Rocheleau S Sarrazin M Sunahara GI Blais JF 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(1):41-50
The toxicity and bioavailability of metals were assessed to verify the efficiency of a new chemical leaching process (METIX-AC) to minimize the risk of metals found in municipal sewage sludge. For this purpose, sludge samples were spiked with cadmium, copper and/or zinc before being treated using METIX-AC. The sludge decontamination resulted in a removal of spiked metals (79-89%), in a decrease of the more labile fractions, and in a corresponding increase of the residual fraction. The toxicity observed after exposure of two plant species, barley (Hordeum vulgare) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne), and a terrestrial invertebrate, Eisenia andrei, to sludge-soil mixtures, disappeared after treatment, although the adverse effects were minor before treatment. The sludge treatment also significantly decreased the bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper, and zinc in the exposed species. For cadmium, maximum tissue concentrations of 0.45+/-0.08 mg/kg in barley, 0.79+/-0.27 mg/kg in ryegrass, and 21.82+/-1.85 mg/kg in earthworm exposed to sludge before treatment decreased after treatment to values similar to those observed with negative controls. 相似文献
229.
Takashi Matsumura Hitoshi Sadakata Hiroshi Makihata Masahiko Yoshino 《Journal of Manufacturing Processes》2013,15(1):8-13
A micro fabrication is presented to control wettability on cylinder surfaces. A machine tool is developed to form the micro-scale structure on the cylinder in incremental stamping. The stamping tool is manufactured with fabricating the micro-scale structure on the top of the tool in FIB sputtering. The micro incremental stamping is repeated with linear motion of the tool and rotation of the workpiece. The rotation is controlled by the friction drive on the machine table because of the stable stamping with reducing bending of the workpiece. The critical stamping depth, the minimum depth in which the structure is formed, is determined in the forming tests using the structured tool. Then, a stripe type structure is formed to control wettability on the cylinder surface. Anisotropic wettability appears on the structured surface. 相似文献
230.
Hiroshi Asakur Kei Nakagaw Kazuto Endo Masato Yama Yusaku Ono Yoshiro Ono 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(1):53-58
Landfilling municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) residue alkalizes the waste layer, causing a subsequent decrease in microbial activity and a delay in the decomposition of organic matter. In this study, efficiencies of neutralization of the leachate and organic matter decomposition in the waste layer in a column filled with MSWI residue using aeration and compost addition were evaluated.Total organic carbon (TOC) reduction in the waste layer is large at high oxygen flow rate (OFR). To effectively accelerate TOC reduction in the waste layer to which compost was added, a high OFR exceeding that by natural ventilation was required. At day 65, the pH of the leachate when OFR was above 102mol-O2/(day·m3) was lower than that when OFR was below 101mol-O2/(day·m3). At the same OFR, the pH of waste sample was lower than that of waste sample with compost. Although leachate neutralization could be affected by compost addition, TOC reduction in the waste layer became rather small. It is possible that humic substances in compost prevent the decomposition of TOC in MSWI residue. 相似文献