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61.
Volatilization behavior of lead from molten slag under conditions simulating municipal solid waste melting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroyuki Nakada Naoto Mihara Yuuki Kawaguchi Shohichi Osada Dalibor Kuchar Hitoki Matsuda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2008,10(1):19-23
To reutilize molten slag derived from an ash melting process, the lead volatilization mechanism under reducing conditions
was investigated. Reducing conditions were established by introducing a CO-CO2-N2 gas mixture to the reactor or by adding graphite to the molten slag prior to the experiments. As samples, two types of simulated
molten slag composed of CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 mixed with PbO were used and the lead volatilization behavior was studied at 1773 K. It was found that the lead volatilization
rate increased on increasing the amount of reducing agent for both graphite and the CO-CO2 gas mixture. For the CO-CO2 reducing gas mixture, this increase was mainly attributed to PbO conversion to Pb. For the addition of graphite, the increase
in lead volatilization ratio was considered to partially result from PbO conversion to Pb and partially from a reaction of
graphite with SiO2 yielding volatile SiO. The volatile SiO gas was then emitted from the furnace, which brought about a reduction in the SiO2 content of the slag. As a result, the slag viscosity decreased, which led to an enhancement of the lead volatilization ratio. 相似文献
62.
Takaoka Masaki Hamaguchi Daisuke Shinmura Ryuhei Sekiguchi Tomoo Tokuichi Hiroyuki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):863-869
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Mercury emissions from non-ferrous metal industries are a major environmental concern. Because of the large differences in mercury emission factors... 相似文献
63.
This paper reports on the relationships between creative mental sets and rule-violating actions using questionnaires answered by 218 nursing workers. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted. The results revealed five factors of creative mental sets: curiosity, minutiae, inquiry, sensitivity, and courage. In addition, rule-violating actions were found to consist of three factors: violation of regulations, violation of local rules, and self-style. The results of multiple regression analyses showed a negative relation between curiosity and regular rule violation. Negative correlations were observed among minutiae, inquiry, and local rule violation. Furthermore, the mean score of local rule violation of a person who thinks that it is important for the work environment to offer high and excellent care is significantly higher than that of those who think that other environmental considerations are more important. The result elucidated the necessity of using workers’ heuristics in the process of improving safety rules as well as improving their acceptability to workers. This point is important and applicable not only in the field of patient safety management systems, but also in other fields. 相似文献
64.
Earlier rice phenology as a result of climate change can increase the risk of cold damage during reproductive growth in northern Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Hiroyuki Shimono 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):201-207
The present study analyzed the impact of earlier rice phenology as a result of climate change on the risk of cold damage during reproductive growth using the historical temperature record from 1961 to 2010 at four locations in northern Japan. During this period, heading date has become 0.7-1.9 days earlier per 10 years. Air temperatures during the booting stage (6-15 days before heading) decreased by 0.18 °C per 10 years even though the air temperature on a given calendar date has increased slightly. The estimated potential yield losses caused by cold damage have increased since the start of the study period. Thus, the advance in phonological events as a result of global warming is likely to increase the risk of future yield losses, and this has important implications for future adaptation strategies (breeding new cultivars and changing crop management strategies) to reduce the risk of cold damage. 相似文献
65.
66.
Increasing centralization of the control of fisheries combined with increased knowledge of food-web relationships is likely to lead to attempts to maximize economic yield from entire food webs. With the exception of predator-prey systems, we lack any analysis of the nature of such yield-maximizing strategies. We use simple food-web models to investigate the nature of yield- or profit-maximizing exploitation of communities including two types of three-species food webs and a variety of six-species systems with as many as five trophic levels. These models show that, for most webs, relatively few species are harvested at equilibrium and that a significant fraction of the species is lost from the web. These extinctions occur for two reasons: (1) indirect effects due to harvesting of species that had positive effects on the extinct species, and (2) intentional eradication of species that are not themselves valuable, but have negative effects on more valuable species. In most cases, the yield-maximizing harvest involves taking only species from one trophic level. In no case was an unharvested top predator part of the yield-maximizing strategy. Analyses reveal that the existence of direct density dependence in consumers has a large effect on the nature of the optimal harvest policy, typically resulting in harvest of a larger number of species. A constraint that all species must be retained in the system (a "constraint of biodiversity conservation") usually increases the number of species and trophic levels harvested at the yield-maximizing policy. The reduction in total yield caused by such a constraint is modest for most food webs but can be over 90% in some cases. Independent harvesting of species within the web can also cause extinctions but is less likely to do so. 相似文献
67.
Ueno D Watanabe M Subramanian A Tanaka H Fillmann G Lam PK Zheng GJ Muchtar M Razak H Prudente M Chung KH Tanabe S 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,136(2):303-313
In order to elucidate the global distribution of dioxins and related compounds, such as PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs, levels of these compounds were determined in the muscle of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) collected from the offshore waters and open seas near Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Seychelles and Brazil, and the Japan Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean. PCDDs, PCDFs and coplanar PCBs were detected in almost all the specimens collected from all the locations surveyed, indicating widespread contamination by these compounds in the marine environment. Higher concentrations of dioxins and coplanar PCBs were detected in the samples from temperate Asian regions, plausibly due to larger usage and anthropogenic generation in highly industrialized countries around the East China Sea and the South China Sea, such as Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and coastal China. 相似文献
68.
69.
Voltammetric response of ferroceneboronic acid to diol and phenolic
compounds as possible pollutants
Shigehiro Takahashi Naoyuki Abiko Nobuhiro Haraguchi Hiroyuki Fujit Eriko Seki Tetsuya Ono Kentaro Yoshi Jun-ichi Anzai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):1027-1032
A voltammetric determination of possible organic pollutants such as diol and phenolic compounds in water was studied using
ferroceneboronic acid (FBA) as a redox-active marker. A cyclic voltammogram of FBA exhibited a pair of oxidation and reduction
peaks at 230 and 170 mV at pH 7.0, respectively, while another pair of redox peaks was observed in the presence of diol or phenolic
compounds tested. The results were rationalized based on the formation of boronate esters of FBA with the added compounds. The
changes in the redox peak currents were dependent on the concentration of the additives, suggesting a usefulness of FBA in the
electrochemical determination of these compounds in water. 相似文献
70.
Keiichi Honda Hiroyuki Takase Hisashi ?mura Hiroshi Honda 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2012,99(9):695-703
How to acquire sufficient quantity of nitrogen is a pivotal issue for herbivores, particularly for lepidopterans (butterflies and moths) of which diet quality greatly differs among their life stages. Male Lepidoptera often feed from mud puddles, dung, and carrion, a behavior known as puddling, which is thought to be supplementary feeding targeted chiefly at sodium. During copulation, males transfer a spermatophore to females that contains, besides sperm, nutrients (nuptial gifts) rich in sodium, proteins, and amino acids. However, it is still poorly understood how adults, mostly nectarivores, extract nitrogen from the environment. We examined the availability of two ubiquitous inorganic nitrogenous ions in nature, viz. ammonium (or ammonia) and nitrate ions, as nutrients in a butterfly, and show that exogenous ammonia ingested by adult males of the swallowtail, Papilio polytes, can serve as a resource for protein biosynthesis. Feeding experiments with 15N-labeled ammonium chloride revealed that nitrogen was incorporated into eupyrene spermatozoa, seminal protein, and thoracic muscle. Ammonia uptake by males significantly increased the number of eupyrene sperms in the reproductive tract tissues. The females also had the capacity to assimilate ammonia into egg protein. Consequently, it is evident that acquired ammonia is utilized for the replenishment of proteins allocable for reproduction and somatic maintenance. The active exploitation of exogenous ammonia as a nutrient by a butterfly would foster better understanding of the foraging and reproductive strategies in insects. 相似文献