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831.
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834.
835.
针对现有污泥固化技术存在的固化养护时间长、低温条件下固化效能低等问题。研究提出污泥快速(3 d)固化技术,采用响应曲面分析方法,重点考察了石灰、组分A、硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰和温度等5因素对固化效能的综合影响,研究结果表明,石灰、组分A、硅酸盐水泥、粉煤灰和养护温度等因素对3 d固化体的无侧限抗压强度和含水率的线性效应显著,石灰和组分A、石灰和养护温度对无侧限抗压强度的交互影响显著,石灰和粉煤灰、组分A和养护温度、硅酸盐水泥和粉煤灰对含水率的交互影响显著;得出了5因素对固化体3 d无侧限抗压强度和含水率影响的定量模型,可对污泥快速固化进行优化和预测;并利用XRD和SED对污泥固化块的化学成分和微观结构进行了分析。 相似文献
836.
研究了1%和10%(V/V)模拟正丙醇废水在UV/TiO2体系、UV/H2O2体系、Fe2+/H2O2体系和UV/TiO2/Fe2+/H2O2体系等4种工艺条件下的降解动力学过程,对比了降解动力学特点及工艺参数对动力学常数的影响,优化工艺参数。结果表明,UV/TiO2体系和Fe2+/H2O2体系的降解过程可分为零级反应阶段和一级反应阶段,转折点分别在反应开始后2 h和氧化剂浓度为6.7 g/L,UV/H2O2体系和UV/TiO2/Fe2+/H2O2体系分别符合零级反应和一级反应规律;相同工艺参数条件下,6 h反应后,组合工艺UV/TiO2/Fe2+/H2O2体系在处理效率达85%,比前3个体系分别高52.0%、8.3%和32.0%,与UV/TiO2体系和Fe2+/H2O2体系的处理效率之和持平,其协同效应提高了速率常数,在目标物浓度降低时依然可维持较高降解速率。而目标物浓度提高10倍后,UV能量利用率提高35.5倍,氧化剂用量是Fe2+/H2O2体系的1/7.1。 相似文献
837.
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of lead acetate on soil microbial biomass and community structure during growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) in two different soils. The field soils were used for a small pot, short-term 60-day growth chamber study. The soils were amended with different Pb concentrations, ranging from 0 to 900mgkg(-1) soil. The experimental design was a 2 soilx2 vegetation/non-vegetationx6 treatments (Pb)x3 replicate factorial experiment. At 60 days the study was terminated and soils were analyzed for microbial parameters, namely, microbial biomass, basal respiration and PLFAs. The results indicated that the application of Pb at lower concentrations (100 and 300mgkg(-1)) as lead acetate resulted in a slight increase in soil microbial biomass, whereas Pb concentrations >500mgkg(-1) caused an immediate gradual significant decline in biomass. However, the degree of impact on soil microbial biomass and basal respiration by Pb was related to management (plant vegetation) or the contents of clay and organic matter in soils. The profiles of 21 phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) were used to assess whether observed changes in functional microbial parameters were accompanied by changes in the composition of the microbial communities after Pb application at 0, 300 and 900mg Pbkg(-1) soil. The results of principal component analyses (PCA) indicated that there were significant increases in fungi biomarkers of 18:3omega6c, 18:1omega9c and a decrease in cy17:0, which is an indicator of gram-negative bacteria for the high levels of Pb treatments In a word, soil microbial biomass and community structure, therefore, may be sensitive indicators reflecting environmental stress in soil-Pb-plant system. However, further studies will be needed to better understand how these changes in microbial community structure might actually impact soil microbial community function. 相似文献
838.
Effect of condensed organic matter on solvent extraction and aqueous leaching of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils and sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ran Y Sun K Ma X Wang G Grathwohl P Zeng EY 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,148(2):529-538
The contents of nonhydrolyzable organic matter (NHC) and black carbon (BC) were measured in soils and sediments from the Pearl River Delta, South China. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were extracted respectively by Soxhlet and an accelerated solvent extraction device (ASE) using different solvents. In addition, sequential aqueous leaching at different temperatures was carried out. The PAH content extracted with the sequential three solvent ASE is two times higher than that using the Soxhlet extraction method. The relationship of the PAH content with the NHC content is very significant. The PAH concentrations measured at various temperature steps fit well to the Van't Hoff equation and the enthalpy was estimated. The investigation indicates that condensed organic matter such as kerogen carbon, aged organic matter, and BC is relevant for the extraction and distribution of native PAHs in the investigated field soils and sediments. 相似文献
839.
A fuzzy composting process model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Qin X Huang G Zeng G Chakma A Xi B 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2007,57(5):535-550
Composting processes are normally complicated with a variety of uncertainties arising from incomplete or imprecise information obtained in real-world systems. Previously, there has been a lack of studies that focused on developing effective approaches to incorporate such uncertainties within composting process models. To fill this gap, a fuzzy composting process model (FCPM) for simulating composting process under uncertainty was developed. This model was mainly based on integration of a fractional fuzzy vertex method and a comprehensive composting model. Degrees of influence by projected uncertain factors were also examined. Two scenarios were investigated in applying the FCPM method. In the first scenario, model simulation under deterministic conditions was conducted. A pilot-scale experiment was provided for verifications. The result indicated that the proposed composting model could provide an excellent vehicle for demonstrating the complex interactions that occurred in the composting process. In the second scenario, application of the proposed FCPM was conducted under uncertainties. Six input parameters were considered to be of uncertain features that were reflected as fuzzy membership functions. The results indicated that the uncertainties projected in input parameters will result in significant derivations on system predictions; the proposed FCPM can generate satisfactory system outputs, with less computational efforts being required. Analyses on degree of influence of system inputs were also provided to describe the impacts of uncertainties on system responses. Thus, suitable measures can be adopted either to reduce system uncertainty by well-directed reduction of uncertainties of those high-influencing parameters or to reduce the computational requirement by neglecting those negligible factors. 相似文献
840.
温度和表面活性剂对菲在土壤中吸附的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过静态吸附实验,研究了北京地区土壤对菲的吸附行为,考察了温度和表面活性剂对菲吸附的影响.结果表明,6种土样对菲的吸附等温线均较好地符合Freundlich吸附模式,其吸附能力的大小顺序为:轻壤土>轻粘土>砂壤土>中壤土>重壤土>紧砂土;温度升高不利于菲在土壤中的吸附;十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)和十六烷基三甲基澳化铵(CTAB)均利于菲在土壤表面的解吸,LAS和CTAB对菲的解吸率最高可达66.2%和31.8%,且LAS的解吸效果更好. 相似文献