Characterization of solid waste disposed at Columbia Sanitary Landfill in Missouri.

Waste sorts were conducted during each of the four quarters (or seasons) of 1996 at the City of Columbia Sanitary Landfill. A detailed physical sampling protocol was outlined. Weight fractions of 32 waste components were quantified from all geographic areas that contribute to the Columbia Sanitary Landfill using a two-way stratification method, which accounted for variations in geographical regions and seasons. Comparisons of solid waste generated between locations and seasons were conducted at the 80% confidence level. The composition of the entire waste stream was 41% paper, 21% organic, 16% plastic, 6% metal, 3% glass and 13% other waste. Paper was the largest composition and glass was the smallest composition for all geographical regions. The result of this study was also compared with a 1987 Columbia, Missouri study conducted by EIERA (1987), with studies conducted in other states such as Minnesota, Wisconsin, Oregon and with national study conducted by the USEPA (USEPA 530-R-96-001, PB96-152 160. US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste, Washington, DC). The results of studies from other states are different from this study due to different local conditions, different methodologies and a different scope. There was a small (5%) increase in per capita weight from 1987 to 1996. The total per capita weight in the present study was 60% greater than the national per capita weight reported by the USEPA (1996) due to that the USEPA report excluded industrial, construction and certain commercial waste. The total per capita weight agrees with the national per capita weight for municipal waste reported by Tchobanoglous (1993), which included industrial, construction and commercial sources. The geographical and seasonal effects on the waste composition are evaluated and discussed. Statistical analysis indicates that waste characteristics are different among geographical regions and seasons. The potential for waste recovery and reduction is also discussed.     

纳米技术在环境污染防治中的应用

从大气污染控制与水污染控制等方面综述了纳米技术的研究及应用进展,并展望了纳米技术的发展前景。     

A two-dimensional water-quality model for a winding and topographically complicated river

In this paper, a two-dimensional numerical calculation algorithm for water-quality modeling is presented. The algorithm is designed specifically for river systems with complicated geometric conditions. When velocity field data of the river are not available, the numerical calculation algorithm for the water-quality modeling can be used to project river-water quality by using a topographic map of the river course and a finite element method. The calculation results of the water-quality model can show the concentration fields of various pollutants. The water-quality model was applied to a case-study in the Hengyang City section of Xiangjiang River in Hunan Province, China. The river under consideration is winding and has an isle between two branches. In 1995, Chinese government secured a World Bank loan to conduct a Waterways Project in the study region. It was expected that construction works in the river section might affect water quality. Given that the project would change the hydrological regime of the river system and discharges, and so would affect water quality, there would be a need for model results that would predict the water-quality impacts of the Waterways Project. In particular, the study intended to apply the model to identify changes in river-water quality associated with the construction of Dayuandu navigation key project. It is hoped that the numerical calculation algorithm for the water-quality modeling presented in this paper can also be applied to other shallow rivers with similar topographical conditions.     

硫化物恶臭脱除技术的发展

介绍了硫化物脱臭技术的现状,论述了生物脱臭技术及活性炭吸附技术的研究和进展。针对炼厂恶臭污染日益突出的特点,应用泥炭生物填料塔及活性炭吸附技术,对５０μＬ／Ｌ以下的Ｈ２Ｓ脱除工艺进行了研究。生物脱臭法采用经过驯化后的泥炭生物填料塔,Ｈ２Ｓ脱除率可接近１００％,负荷达到８５ｇＨ２Ｓ－Ｓ／（ｍ３干填料·ｈ）以上;活性炭吸附法采用日本的两种活性炭（ＩＶＰ和Ｃｅｎｔａｕｒ）,吸附容量分别达到１７０ｇ／Ｌ和８０ｇ／Ｌ以上。上述工艺均可应用于炼厂中低浓度硫化物恶臭污染的治理     

高校生活垃圾分类回收及资源化探讨

本文通过对高校生活垃圾组成的调查,探讨了教学区、宿舍区、食堂等区域生活垃圾的分类回收模式,并对废纸、废塑料、废金属、废电池、餐厨垃圾等资源化利用的可行性进行了分析,建议通过加强宣传工作,健全管理机制,完善资源化市场体系等途径对高校生活垃圾进行分类回收及资源化。     

论新形势下如何做好建设项目环境管理工作

本文根据作者多年从事建设项目环境管理工作的经验体会,分析了当前建设项目环境管理工作面临的形势,论述了做好建设项目环境管理工作应着重把握的几个问题     

驱排剂解堵工艺的研究与应用

吐哈温米油田属于低孔、低渗、低产能油藏,原油含蜡量、沥青质较高,油井的近井地带结垢严重。文章介绍了驱排剂的解堵作用原理、酸化工作液配方、驱排剂解堵工艺技术和现场应用效果。研究结果表明,驱排剂解堵工艺技术对解除油井的堵塞具有良好的效果,对提高油井的产液能力有重要作用,同时又是低渗透油田增产的一种新工艺。从2004年7月份开始,温米油田利用驱排剂解堵后油井平均单井日增油量3.0t,日增液量21.0t,动液面平均上升400.00m,平均单井有效生产期为90天以上。     

重大事故后果模拟法在天然气场站安全评价中的应用

场站是气田集输的枢纽,也是高风险存在和集中的场所.本论文采用重大事故后果模拟分析法建立天然气泄漏速率估算模型、蒸气云爆炸模型,并以陕北某一天然气场站为例,借助Risk System软件对天然气泄漏速率和泄漏量以及蒸气云爆炸最大事故进行数值模拟.模拟分析结果有助于对天然气场站可能发生的各种事故进行风险评价,也有助于对各类...     

海绵铁在焦化废水预处理中的应用研究

采用静态和动态实验研究海绵铁预处理焦化废水。静态实验在海绵铁粒径、投加量、废水pH值和反应时间4个方面研究对处理效果的影响,结果表明,海绵铁处理焦化废水最适条件:粒径为0.5~1 mm、投加量为20 g,pH为6,反应时间为60 min。动态实验研究海绵铁在不同水力负荷下对废水色度、氨氮、COD的去除率,结果表明:水力负荷越小,出水水质越好,且明显改善焦化废水的可生化性,从原水的0.19提高到出水的0.38。海绵铁可作为焦化废水的一种有效的预处理方法。     

深圳妈湾排海工程非设计条件下泥沙沉积分析

本文在物理模型试型的基础上，通过理论分析和试验结果的相互验证，认为“悬浮指标”和“水流挟沙力”可作为泥沙沉积之水力条件的有效判据，且提供了判断方法，并由此得出了深圳妈湾排海工程防止泥沙沉积的临界排放流量，最后提出了防止泥沙沉积的运行管理防范措施和建议。