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211.
白洋淀不同类型水体表层沉积物重金属的赋存形态及风险 总被引:5,自引:5,他引:0
选取白洋淀中水道、沟壕、淀面和鱼塘这4种水体类型,采用改进的BCR提取法分析沉积物中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn的形态特征,运用潜在生态风险指数、次生相与原生相(RSP)和风险评估编码(RAC)等方法对白洋淀沉积物重金属含量进行系统性的污染评估和生态风险评价.结果表明:①沉积物中重金属ω(Cd)、ω(Cu)和ω(Zn)均值分别为0.37、28.49和83.08 mg·kg-1,分别有94.91%、73.91%和46.39%的点位超过土壤背景值.② Cd以非残渣态(F1+F2+F3)为主,质量分数范围为54%~97%,Cr以残渣态(F4)为主,质量分数为87%~99%.Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn主要以残渣态存在,但在非残渣态中Cu和Ni以可氧化态(F3)为主,Pb和Zn以可还原态(F2)为主.③基于RAC评价结果:Cd在水道、沟壕、开阔淀面和鱼塘分别有68.97%、39.89%、54.84%和49.78%的点位存在风险,而Cu、Ni和Pb等重金属风险较低.总体而言,白洋淀重金属总体污染水平较低,但在南刘庄片区的府河和白沟引河入河口等部分水道区域Cd存在生态风险和较高的生物可迁移性. 相似文献
212.
垃圾填埋场建设项目的主要环境问题包括:渗沥液排放、地下水环境污染、大气环境污染、噪声污染、景观变化和环境安全。根据工作经验,建立了包括建设项目基本情况、生态环境影响、社会环境影响、生态环境保护措施四大类调查监测指标为核心的环保验收调查指标体系,提出了文件资料核实、现场勘查、遥感调查、公众意见调查、环境监测和摄影法为主的建设项目竣工环保验收调查技术方法。 相似文献
213.
A monitoring method based on solvent extraction of adsorbed target glymes followed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry GC-MS analysis was developed for seven glymes, namely ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether. The best recoveries of target glymes were achieved when using a combination of sample collection medium of graphitised carbon black (GCB) with a solvent mixture of methylene chloride and methanol (95/5, v/v). Method detection limits ranged from 1.5 microg/m3 for diethylene glycol diethyl ether to 13.2 microg/m3 for ethylene glycol diethyl ether based on a sample volume of 3.4 1. Using this method, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether and diethylene glycol diethyl ether were detected and measured successfully in diluted vehicle exhausts in diesel fuel engine tests. 相似文献
214.
Xinxin Hu Wei Shi Fu Cao Guanjiu Hu Yingqun Hao Si Wei Xinru Wang Hongxia Yu 《Chemosphere》2013,90(7):2123-2128
The estrogenic activities of source water from Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake and groundwater in Yangtze River Delta in the dry and wet season were determined by use of reporter gene assays based on African green monkey kidney (CV-1) cell lines. Higher estrogenic activities were observed in the dry season, and the estrogenic potentials in water samples from Taihu Lake were greater than other river basins. None of the samples from groundwater showed estrogen receptor (ER) agonist activity. The 17β-Estradiol (E2) equivalents (EEQs) of water samples in the dry season ranged from 9.41 × 10?1 to 1.20 × 101 ng E2 L?1. In the wet season, EEQs of all the water samples were below the detection limit as 9.00 × 10?1 ng E2 L?1 except for one sample from Huaihe River. The highest contribution of E2 was detected in Yangtze River as 99% of estrogenic activity. Nonylphenol (NP, 100% detection rate) and octylphenol (OP, 100% detection rate) might also be responsible for the estrogenic activities in water sources. Potential health risk induced by the estrogenic chemicals in source water may be posed to the residents through water drinking. 相似文献
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Xiaoming Li Tingting Shen Dongbo Wang Xiu Yue Xian Liu Qi Yang Jianbin Cao Wei Zheng Guangming Zeng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(2):269-275
Three oxidation processes of UV-Fe3+(EDTA)/H2O2 (UV: ultraviolet light; EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), UV-Fe3+/H2O2 and Fe3+/H2O2 were simultaneously investigated for the degradation of amoxicillin at pH 7.0. The results indicated that, 100% amoxicillin degradation and 81.9% chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) removal could be achieved in the UV-Fe3+ (EDTA)/H2O2 process. The treatment efficiency of amoxicillin and CODCr removal were found to decrease to 59.0% and 43.0% in the UV-Fe3+/H2O2 process; 39.6% and 31.3% in the Fe3+/H2O2 process. Moreover, the results of biodegradability (biological oxygen demand (BOD5)/CODCr ratio) revealed that the UV-Fe3+ (EDTA)/H2O2 process was a promising strategy to degrade amoxicillin as the biodegradability of the effluent was improved to 0.45, compared with the cases of UV-Fe3+/H2O2 (0.25) and Fe3+/H2O2 (0.10) processes. Therefore, it could be deduced that EDTA and UV light performed synergetic catalytic effect on the Fe3+/H2O2 process, enhancing the treatment efficiency. The degradation mechanisms were also investigated via UV-Vis spectra, and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectra. The degradation pathway of amoxicillin was further proposed. 相似文献