Heavy metals in rice and garden vegetables and their potential health risks to inhabitants in the vicinity of an industrial zone in Jiangsu, China

Contamination of soil and agricultural products by heavy metals resulting from rapid industrial development has caused major concern. In this study, we investigated heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Hg and Cd) concentrations in rice and garden vegetables, as well as in cultivated soils, in a rural-industrial developed region in southern Jiangsu, China, and estimated the potential health risks of metals to the inhabitants via consumption of locally produced rice and garden vegetables. A questionnaire-based survey on dietary consumption rates of foodstuffs showed that rice and vegetables accounted for 64% of total foodstuffs consumed, and over 60% of rice and vegetables were grown in the local region. Average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb were 0.75, 2.64, 12.00, 0.014, 0.006 and 0.054 mg/kg dw (dry weight) in rice and were 0.67, 1.18, 4.34, 0.011, 0.002 and 0.058 mg/kg fw (fresh weight) in garden vegetables, respectively. These values were all below the maximum allowable concentration in food in China except for Cr in vegetables. Leafy vegetables had higher metal concentrations than solanaceae vegetables. Average daily intake of Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb through the consumption of rice and garden vegetables were 5.66, 16.90, 74.21, 0.10, 0.04 and 0.43 μg/(kg·day), respectively. Although Hazard Quotient values of individual metals were all lower than 1, when all six metal intakes via self-planted rice and garden vegetables were combined, the Hazard Index value was close to 1. Potential health risks from exposure to heavy metals in self-planted rice and garden vegetables need more attention.     

固定化微生物技术处理城市微污染河水研究

将陶粒、功能化聚氨酯泡沫(FPUFS)、阿科蔓柔性填料、人工水草等4种不同载体与高效复合菌剂BP35应用于曝气生物滤池(BAF)构成固定化曝气生物滤池(G-BAF),研究固定化微生物技术对城市微污染河水的净化效果.4种G-BAF对NH4+-N、叶绿素和浊度的去除率分别为83.0%~89.0%、77.5%~89.0%和84.4%~95.2%,均大于对COD、UV254和TP的去除效果.FPUFS含有羟基、环氧基和酰胺基等反应性基团,对酶和微生物的负载量大,因此FPUFS-G-BAF对污染物的去除效率高于其余3种G-BAF.水力停留时间(HRT)对4种G-BAF去除NH4+-N的影响均不显著,而对COD的去除效果影响较大.当溶解氧(DO)浓度由2 mg/L升至4 mg/L时,4种G-BAF对COD和NH4+-N的去除率分别提高了11.9%~18.0%和12.7%~16.1%.GC-MS分析结果表明,G-BAF工艺能有效地将河水中分子质量较大的难降解有机物降解为小分子物质.     

浅谈化工园区企业无组织排放有机废气的防治对策研究

当前,中国已基本实现了化工类企业的进园入区,虽然各企业实现了废气的达标排放,但由于叠加效应等因素的影响,化工异味已经成为环境监管的难点和群众投诉的焦点。通过对化工园区内企业无组织排放的各类有机废气的特点、毒性、种类和来源进行剖析,探讨了无组织排放有机废气的收集处理方法和相应治理措施对策,对该类废气的日常环境监管提出了具体建议,并结合实际案例强化了对无组织废气进行防治是完全可行和必要的。未来,加强化工园区内企业无组织排放废气的监管和新废气治理技术的研发应用,区域环境空气质量和群众对环境满意率必将得到显著提高。     

大连市夏季人体舒适度评价研究

以大连市1984年－2013年逐年7、8月的日平均温度、相对湿度及平均风速等气象数据为基础,基于模糊综合评价法,对大连市夏季人体舒适度现状进行分析与评价,得到结论如下：用模糊综合评判大连市气候舒适度最适合的评判标准为气温22℃、相对湿度70％和风速2 m／s;大连市总体气候舒适状况良好,夏季相对最舒适的时间段为第6旬（8月20日～8月31日）,最不舒适的时间段为第4旬（8月1日～8月10日）;由于大连市夏季经常伴有雷阵雨甚至暴雨天气以及湿度大等原因,使得炎热气温所造成的不舒适的天气状况常能得到改善,因此大连市夏季舒适程度所占比例较大。     

基于可持续发展的总量预算指标分配方法对比分析研究

阐述了总量预算指标分配的概念,结合环境容量承载水平和总量管理的实际,从理论上建立河南各省辖市可用于社会经济发展的总量预算指标分配模型.针对各分析方法的理论模型进行对比分析,确定合理的分配方案,为后续的实证研究和"十三五"时期河南省总量预算管理提供基础.     

Hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol A in sediments and paddy soils from Liaohe River Basin, China: Levels, distribution and mass inventory

Hexabromocyclododecane(HBCD) and tetrabromobisphenol A(TBBPA) are two kinds of brominated flame retardants and widely present in the environment and biota. The levels,spatial distributions and mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA were investigated in sediments and paddy soils from the Liaohe River Basin in northeast China. The concentrations of ΣHBCD and TBBPA were in the range of not detected(nd) to 4.02 ng/g dry weight(dw) and 0.03 to 4.06 ng/g dw, respectively. γ-HBCD was dominated in sediments,while the abundance of α-HBCD was relatively high in paddy soils. The spatial distributions of HBCD and TBBPA in surface sediments and paddy soils indicated that the local point-input was their major source. The significant correlation between total organic carbon(TOC) contents and the HBCD levels suggested that TOC content also exerted an influence on the distribution of HBCD in sediments. Meanwhile, it was found that the irrigation with river water was not the major transportation pathway of HBCD and TBBPA in paddy soils. Based on the study, it was estimated that there were about 1.67 tons HBCD and 2.20 tons TBBPA deposited into sediments of the Liaohe River system every year. The total mass inventories of HBCD and TBBPA in sediments were far higher than that in paddy soils.     

膨润土对鸡粪序批式厌氧消化特性的影响

为考察外源添加物——膨润土对鸡粪厌氧消化特性的影响,在中温〔(35±1)℃〕条件下,采用L₈(23)正交试验设计,考察了膨润土添加量(w,以干基计,下同)、鸡粪VS(挥发性固体)添加量、厌氧消化污泥接种量对鸡粪厌氧消化过程中产气、pH、氨氮形态、EC(电导率)等的影响. 结果表明:添加1.5%和3.0%的膨润土均能显著提高鸡粪VS产CH₄量,并且在高鸡粪添加量情况下达到极显著水平(P<0.01);当膨润土添加量为3.0%、厌氧消化污泥接种量为20%时,VS累积产CH₄量达到301.92 mL/g,比对照组(160.76 mL/g)提高了87.80%;当鸡粪VS添加量相同时,添加1.5%和3.0%的膨润土均能极显著地降低消化料液的ρ(TAN)(TAN为总氨氮)(P<0.01),并且可以减少鸡粪厌氧消化过程中ρ(FAN)(FAN为游离氨)的剧烈变化;添加膨润土还能极显著地降低鸡粪厌氧消化料液的EC. 研究显示,添加膨润土有利于缓解鸡粪厌氧消化过程中氨氮抑制,提高系统稳定性,并可显著改善厌氧消化整体性能.      

低渗透性多孔介质室内弥散实验及弥散度求解研究

低渗透多孔介质在浅部含隔水层中分布广泛,是地下水污染物迁移的重要载体,然而其弥散度的取值目前研究还不足。针对此问题,以溴化钠为示踪剂开展了低渗透多孔介质的室内弥散实验研究,介质渗透系数为0．048 m/d,通过离子选择电极法测定溴离子浓度,并分别采用解析法和数值法进行了弥散度的求解,解析法和数值法求得的弥散度分别为0．0048 m 与0．0065 m,研究成果可以为低渗透多孔介质中污染物迁移预测提供弥散度值参考。     

郑州市环境空气污染变化规律研究

文章对河南省郑州市大气中的四种污染物臭氧、二氧化氮、一氧化碳和PM2.5的时间变化规律进行了分析,并初步探讨了日变化、年变化规律及其影响因素.臭氧呈现出单峰型变化规律,NO2、CO及PM2.5近似为双峰双谷型.年变化规律表现为单峰型,臭氧浓度在夏季达到最大值,冬季达到最低值,而其余三种污染物在冬季浓度达到最高值,在夏季浓度达到最低值.     

Fungal diversity in major oil-shale mines in China

As an insufficiently utilized energy resource,oil shale is conducive to the formation of characteristic microbial communities due to its special geological origins.However,little is known about fungal diversity in oil shale.Polymerase chain reaction cloning was used to construct the fungal ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid internal transcribed spacer(r DNA ITS)clone libraries of Huadian Mine in Jilin Province,Maoming Mine in Guangdong Province,and Fushun Mine in Liaoning Province.Pure culture and molecular identification were applied for the isolation of cultivable fungi in fresh oil shale of each mine.Results of clone libraries indicated that each mine had over 50% Ascomycota(58.4%–98.9%)and 1.1%–13.5%unidentified fungi.Fushun Mine and Huadian Mine had 5.9% and 28.1% Basidiomycota,respectively.Huadian Mine showed the highest fungal diversity,followed by Fushun Mine and Maoming Mine.Jaccard indexes showed that the similarities between any two of three fungal communities at the genus level were very low,indicating that fungi in each mine developed independently during the long geological adaptation and formed a community composition fitting the environment.In the fresh oil-shale samples of the three mines,cultivable fungal phyla were consistent with the results of clone libraries.Fifteen genera and several unidentified fungi were identified as Ascomycota and Basidiomycota using pure culture.Penicillium was the only genus found in all three mines.These findings contributed to gaining a clear understanding of current fungal resources in major oil-shale mines in China and provided useful information for relevant studies on isolation of indigenous fungi carrying functional genes from oil shale.