Characterization and acid-mobilization study for typical iron-bearing clay mineral

In this study, iron speciation in five standard clay samples was characterized. Iron mobilization from these clays was then measured in acidic media. For comparison, a commercially available Arizona test dust (ATD) was also observed. The results showed that the free-Fe contents of clays were commonly lower than that of dust aerosols. The components of clays were dominant by the structural Fe held in the aluminosilicate lattice. The iron solubility of the clays were in the order of KGa-2?>?SWy-2?>?CCa-2?>?IMt-2?>?NAu-2. Based upon the Mössbauer spectrum and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, the Fe(II) fraction and the Fe/Si ratio of clay particles changed after dissolution, suggesting the total Fe solubility depended on the Fe atom states existing within the aluminosilicate lattice. The Fe in KGa-2 and SWy-2 was most likely substituted for alkaline elements as the interlayer ions held by ionic bonds in the aluminosilicate, which are more liable to dissolution. However, the Fe in NAu-2 was more likely to be bound by strong covalent bonds in aluminosilicate mineral, which is less soluble. The much highly soluble Fe in ATD was not only linked to the dissolution of an appreciable fraction of Fe(II), but also could be attributed to the fact that the Fe bonds in the clay fraction of ATD were mainly present as ionic bonds. The TEM images showed that reacted clay particles displayed less aggregate particles, with nanoparticle aggregates and the Fe/S-rich tiny particles attached to the remains.     

Characteristics of the pollutant emissions in a tunnel of Shanghai on a weekday

Tunnel displays a typical semi-closed environment, and multitudes of the pollutants tend to accumulate. The samples of gaseous pollutants and particulate matter(PM) were collected from the Xiangyin tunnel at Shanghai to investigate the characteristics of the pollutant emissions. The results indicated that both gaseous pollutants and PM exhibited much higher concentrations during the rush hours in the morning and at night due to vehicle emission. Two peaks of the PM concentration were observed in the scope of 0.7‐1.1 and 3.3–4.7 μm, accounting for 14.6% and 20.3% of the total concentrations, respectively.Organic matter(OM), EC, and many water-soluble ions were markedly higher at the rush hours in the morning than those at night, implicating comprehensive effects of vehicle types and traffic volume. The particle number concentrations exhibited two peaks at Aitken mode(25 nm and 100 nm) and accumulation mode(600 nm), while the particle volume concentration displayed high values at the accumulation mode(100–500 nm) and coarse mode(2.5–4.0 μm). The peak around 100 nm was detected in the morning rush hours, but it diminished with the decrease of the traffic volume. Individual-particle analysis revealed that main particles in the tunnel were Fe-rich particles, K-rich particles, mineral particles,Ca–S rich particles and Al–Si particles. The particles collected at the rush hours displayed marked different morphologies, element concentrations and particle sizes compared to the ones collected at the non-rush period. The data presented herein could shed a light on the feature of vehicle emissions.     

基于响应面法优化活性炭处理含镉废水工艺的研究

以广西河池市某工厂含镉废水为研究对象,开展了活性炭吸附法处理含镉废水的研究。在单因素实验结果基础上,选取活性炭用量、温度和时间进行三因素三水平的中心组合设计实验和响应面分析。研究结果表明活性炭去除废水中镉的最佳工艺条件是:当废水中镉的初始浓度为25.1 mg/L时,活性炭用量为1.58 g/100m L,温度为28.09℃,时间为1.53 h,在此条件下镉的去除率可达到97.55%。     

哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地环境状况评估与保护对策研究

磨盘山水库作为哈尔滨市城区主水源,确保其水源地环境安全是我市重要的民生保障。以《集中式饮用水水源地环境保护状况评估技术规范》(HJ 774-2015)为依据,对哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地2016年环境状况进行了评估。结果表明,磨盘山水源2016年度综合评估得分为98.13分,属于优秀水源。取水保证状况评估得分10分,评估结果属于优秀;水源达标状况得分60分,评估结果属于优秀;管理状况评估得分28.125分,评估结果属于优秀。针对评估结论提出了相应的保护对策,为哈尔滨市磨盘山水源地保护和环境管理工作提供了科学依据。     

水环境非突发性风险浅析

对水环境中事实上存在但尚未引起人们足够重视的一类风险，非突发性风险，作了简要的概述。主要讨论了关于非突发性风险的发生、特征、影响因素及研究目的，并为考虑非突发性风险的水质规划提供了一个新的科学依据。     

离子色谱法测定钻井废水中的S~(2-)

川东气田生产过程中产生的废水含有硫化物,且色度深、浊度大。为测定废水中的Ｓ２－含量,实验探索了将Ｓ２－氧化成ＳＯ２－４后用离子色谱测定的方法。进行了Ｓ２－的转化率实验,结果表明：Ｓ２－含量在０～２．７ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内可以被完全氧化成ＳＯ２－４,转化率为９８．８％～１０８．０％。同时进行了该方法的精密度和准确度实验,并与碘量法进行了对比,对同一标样和实际样品的测定两种方法的结果吻合较好,该方法测定钻井废水中的Ｓ２－含量,可以避免色度、浊度的干扰,且简便、灵敏、准确     

杭州市郊菜区大气及蔬菜中氟化物的含量和分布

本文分析调查了杭州市郊菜区大气及一些主要蔬菜中氟化物的含量及分布，并对蔬菜中氟化物含量与大气氟污染的关系进行了相关分析。结果表明，杭州市郊菜区个别蔬菜中氟化物含量已超过有关标准，这主要与工业污染源的分布有关；蔬菜中氟化物含量与大气氟浓度之间存在着明显的相关关系。     

煤中痕量元素与三态硫关系的模型

将青山烟煤按不同比重分级后，分别测定了各级煤粉中痕量元素Ｂｅ、Ｃｄ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｏ，Ｃｒ，Ｃｕ，Ｎｉ，Ａｓ以及三态硫的含量，发现痕量元素与三态硫之间有一定的相关关系，本文用回归分析法建立了痕量元素与三态硫关系的模型，并用该模型对青山烟煤某一比重范围内煤粉中的痕量元素含量进行预报，结果令人满意。     

区域大气环境质量变化趋势研究

本文研究了城市及其开发区域大气环境质量变化趋势的计算方法，并对一城市开发区进行了实例研究，应用本文的方法可以对城市及其开发区进行多点源和的影响下大气环境质量模拟。预测，评价与规划。     

嗜酸微生物生态学与矿物生物浸出技术

综述了嗜酸微生物存在的环境、生态结构和微生物多样性,以及温度、氧对嗜酸微生物的影响.总结了嗜酸微生物群落间存在竞争、捕食、共生、合作等相互作用关系,这对理解矿物的生物浸出具有重要意义.目前对嗜酸微生物生态学的理解主要基于传统的纯菌培养分离技术,但是分子生物学技术的发展提供了更科学的研究手段,将纯菌培养分离技术和分子生物学技术相结合是研究嗜酸微生物生态的有效方法.认为理解嗜酸微生物生态学规律,将有利于开发新的微生物矿物加工技术,我国有必要加强浸矿微生物生态学的研究.表1参24