Performance and efficiency of old newspaper deinking by combining cellulase/hemicellulase with laccase-violuric acid system

Performance and efficiency of old newspaper (ONP) deinking by combining cellulase/hemicellulase with laccase-violuric acid system (LVS) were investigated in this study. Brightness, effective residual ink concentration (ERIC) and physical properties were evaluated for the deinked pulp. Fiber length, coarseness, specific surface area and specific volume were also tested. The changes of dissolved lignin during the deinking processes were measured with UV spectroscopy. The fiber morphology was observed with environmental scanning electronic microscopy (ESEM). Experimental results showed that, compared to the pulp deinked with each individual enzyme, ERIC was lower for the cellulase/hemicellulase-LVS-deinked pulp. This indicated that a synergy existed in ONP deinking using a combination of enzymes. After being bleached by H₂O₂, enzyme-combining deinked pulp gave higher brightness and better strength properties. Compared with individual enzyme deinked pulp, average fiber length and coarseness decreased a little for the enzyme-combining deinked pulps. A higher specific surface area and specific volume of the pulp fibers were achieved. UV analysis proved that more lignin was released during the enzyme-combining deinking process. ESEM images showed that more fibrillation was observed on the fiber surface due to synergistic treatment.     

Influence of liquid- and solid-state coupling anaerobic digestion process on methane production of cow manure and rice straw

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Based on the different characteristics of cow manure and rice straw, liquid- and solid-state coupling anaerobic digestion (L-SS-AD) is designed in...     

城市级危险废物转移安全监管系统设计研究

通过对我国危险废物运输安全现状的分析,以及危险废物转移运输管理中存在的问题,借鉴国内外先进经验,提出构建低成本城市级危险废物转移监控系统的设想,为城市危险废物管理提供辅助工具。以广州市为例,将自建监控中心与基于商业平台监管危险废物转移的设计方案作对比,发现两者构建技术大致相同,但基于商业平台的监管方案节省系统的建设和运行费用50%以上,其不仅可实现政府部门通过内网进行正常业务管理,还可实现政府和危险废物运输企业通过外网对危险废物运输车辆进行实时安全监控,能有效地提高政企对危险废物运输的两级安全监管效能,为突发污染事件提供查询和应急辅助决策,同时为我国各城市危险废物运输的安全监管提供借鉴意义。     

GEO-SLOPE软件在某滑坡稳定性计算中的应用

以某滑坡为例,在充分分析其成因机制基础上,运用GEO-SLOPE软件对该滑坡的整体稳定性进行计算分析。结合室内试验、工程地质类比及参数反演确定稳定性计算参数,考虑到未来水库蓄水,在不同工况下对滑坡的稳定性进行计算,计算结果表明该滑坡的整体稳定性较好,只是在考虑地震作用的时候滑坡的整体稳定性迅速下降,甚至处于临稳状态。     

女性旅游者行为特征分析及其动机研究——以西递、宏村为例

利用SPSS社科统计软件对2005年西递、宏村调查数据进行交互分析和主成分分析，得出女性旅游者客源地结构特征、人口统计学特征、决策行为模式、出游动机等一般规律，最后比较分析了我国与美国高学历女性出游动机的异同，试图为国内外女性旅游市场开发和营销人员提供有价值的参考。     

资源驱动型旅游地中心城市形象研究——以黄山市屯溪区为例

资源驱动型旅游地中心城市是我国普遍存在的一种旅游城市类型，但对这类城市形象的研究相对较少。以黄山市屯溪区为例，在感知形象测度的基础上，利用定性与定量方法论结合分析其感知形象现状和问题，并提出解决方案，总结出该类型城市在形象建设中应当注意的四对矛盾。     

以公交车为平台的应急医疗救援车辆快速改装研究

针对社会公共突发事件造成的创伤特点，以现有灾害和恐怖活动快速医学救援为侧重点，提出临时快速改装以公交车辆为平台的系列现场伤员救治与抢运装备的设想，并详细分析了建立公交车机动医院的必要性和可行性。公交车机动医院的实施将对未来我国处理公共突发事件提供新的应对措施。     

地震勘探爆破作业的安全对策

根据地震勘探爆破作业的特点 ,从爆破器材选择、作业过程中危险预防、爆破危害效应控制等方面提出了地震勘探爆破作业的安全对策。     

Factors associated with higher levels of injury severity in occupants of motor vehicles that were severely damaged in traffic crashes in Kentucky, 2000-2001

OBJECTIVES: The majority of motor vehicle occupants who were killed or hospitalized in crashes in Kentucky in 2000-2001 occupied vehicles that were severely damaged in the crash. Even so, overall only a small percentage of all severely damaged vehicle occupants were killed or hospitalized. The purpose was to identify occupant, vehicle, crash, and roadway/environmental factors that were associated with increased risk of severe injury in crashes where the occupant's vehicle was severely damaged. METHODS: This study probabilistically linked Kentucky's statewide motor vehicle crash and inpatient hospital discharge data files for 2000 and 2001, and selected cases representing occupants of vehicles that were reported by police as having either "severe" or "very severe" damage. For occupants who were identified through data linkage as having been hospitalized, the Injury Severity Score (ISS) was calculated using ICDMAP-90 software, and the scores were stratified into the following categories: critical (>24), severe (15-24), moderate (9-14), and mild (<9). We then created an outcome variable, injury severity level, with five levels: killed; hospitalized with at least moderate injuries (ISS = critical, severe, or moderate); hospitalized with mild injuries (ISS = mild); injured according to the police report but not hospitalized; and no apparent injury according to the police report. We performed a stepwise, ordinal logistic regression of injury severity, using independent variables identified from the existing crash literature. RESULTS: Occupant risk factors for higher levels of injury severity selected by the regression were age (risk increased with age, other factors being equal), female gender, restraint non-use, ejection from the vehicle, and driver impairment (by alcohol and/or drugs). Crash risk factors included head-on collision, collision with a fixed object, vehicle rollover, and vehicle fire. Roadway/environmental factors were federal- or state-maintained roadway and posted speed limit 89 kph (55 mph) or greater. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the identified risk factors are explicitly or implicitly mentioned in the strategic plans of key organizations involved in highway safety and injury prevention in Kentucky. Our analysis provides additional evidence of their importance, and confirms that their mitigation will reduce injury severity in crashes involving severe vehicle damage. Additionally, older occupants and female occupants showed increased risks of serious injury, but to our knowledge these factors are not currently addressed in any state plans. An opportunity exists to clarify the nature of these risks through further studies, which might lead to the identification of countermeasures specific to these populations.     

玉米抗低温助长剂田间试验研究

为防御东北玉米低温冷害,研制了一种新型的玉米抗低温助长剂,其抗低温效果已为人工温控试验所证实。本项研究采用分期播种、地理播种和田间多处理对比试验方法,检验该化学制剂在影响玉米发育、生物量及产量性状方面的实用效果,并探求其适宜的浓度配比和喷施期次。研究结果表明,该制剂具有促生长、促早熟和使作物高产的性能,可防御延迟型冷害。施用时以1：400倍液和在营养生长期内两次喷施为佳。