新型生物絮凝剂——生物材料的絮凝效果评价

自制生物材料是一种新型生物絮凝剂,分别以ＢＳＡ溶液、果汁溶液、泥土混浊液为研究对象,与其他四种常用絮凝剂相比,其絮凝效果优于其他絮凝絮凝剂,然后,研究其絮凝剂用量与絮凝效果的关系,絮凝动力学等。     

广东和海南红树林的生物地球化学特征

本文研究了广东和海南红树林的土壤,植物叶子和死地被物的化学成分以及它们之间的相互关系,并与相同地区的一些植物群落进行比较,从而探讨红树林的生物地球化学特征。结果表明,红树林的土壤和植物的某些化学成分含量较高,尤其是Na和Ca的含量较为突出。另外,虽然海岸带海水的pH＞8,土壤都呈酸性。红树林的养分利用率只有N较高,其余大多数元素都较低。红树林的生物吸收率和生物归还率通常也较低,但其大多数元素的生物分解率则较高。     

全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)对人骨髓间充质干细胞PPARs亚型及分化潜能的影响

过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors,PPARs)是全氟辛烷磺酸(perflurooctane sulfon-ate,PFOS)的首要分子靶标,但PPARs各亚型在PFOS毒性效应中可能产生不同调控作用,相关机理并不清楚.本研究采用人骨髓间...     

培养公民灾害意识提高防灾减灾能力

灾害是与人类共存的、不可避免的自然现象。随着经济社会的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,有效防御与减轻自然灾害给人类社会造成的损失和危害,保障民众公共安全,已成为国际社会文明程度的重要标志。我国是世界上自然灾害最为严重的国家之一,台风、地震、洪水等突发性灾害频繁发生,严重威胁人民群众生命财产安全。据统计,一般年份全国受灾害影响的     

港口危险货物装卸作业人员安全行为能力影响因素研究

为全面加强港口危险货物装卸安全管理工作,促进危险货物安全生产形势持续稳定好转,以江苏省危险货物水路运输企业为依托,在文献调研和专家咨询的基础上,提出港口危险货物装卸作业人员安全行为能力影响因素基本模型;以问卷调查的方式评测安全行为能力影响因素,运用SPSS软件对问卷进行信度、效度检验;最后基于问卷检验结果和基本模型,构...     

聚丙烯酰胺在盐碱土壤中的吸附与迁移

采用静态吸附法研究了聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）在大庆市盐碱土中的吸附行为,并通过室内土柱实验研究了PAM在盐碱土中的自然迁移和模拟降雨情况下的迁移行为。实验结果表明,随吸附时间延长、液固比增大,PAM在盐碱土中的吸附量逐渐增大。PAM在盐碱土中的饱和吸附条件为液固比25,平衡吸附时间8h,在此条件下得出的PAM在盐碱土中的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,饱和吸附量为0．81mg/g.PAM在盐碱土中的迁移规律为：沿地表随盐碱土深度增加,PAM的含量减少。PAM溶液淋滤量越大,迁移深度越深,各层土壤中PAM的含量也相应增加。降雨迫使PAM沿地表向下多迁移1cm,迁移深度在5—6cm。盐碱土对PAM的截留能力较强,意外泄漏的PAM主要集中在地表下3cm以内处,占总淋滤量的86．1％～99．9％。PAM在大庆市盐碱土中的迁移深度不超过10cm。     

聚丙烯酰胺在土壤上的吸附研究

采用静态吸附法研究了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)在黄土、盐碱土上的吸附行为,考查了不同液固比、吸附时间对土壤吸附量的影响,得出了PAM在土壤上的吸附等温线.结果表明,PAM在土壤上有很强的吸附亲合力,在盐碱土、黄土上的吸附等温线都符合Langmuir吸附模式,在相同实验条件下,盐碱土饱和吸附量比黄土饱和吸附量大.     

内源呼吸过程溶解性代谢产物的光谱特性分析

微生物内源呼吸期对污水处理过程具有重要意义.为了更清晰地了解微生物内源呼吸过程,采用三维荧光光谱、紫外光谱结合呼吸图谱对微生物内源呼吸过程进行解析.结果表明,三维荧光光谱和紫外光谱在内源呼吸各个阶段有明显的不同:1内源呼吸快速下降期(第1 d):腐殖酸峰的激发波长(Ex)和发射波长(Em)分别出现5 nm、6 nm的蓝移,荧光指数f450/500和HIX(humification index)分别减小了9.3%、0.2%,UV253/203和UV254分别增加了37.5%、200%,预示着混合液中可生物降解有机物的存在;2内源呼吸慢速下降期(第2 d):f450/500增加了0.5%,HIX减小0.2%,UV253/203减小了20%,UV254增加了16.7%,预示着细胞可能出现了水解或自溶;3内源呼吸稳定期(第3~5 d):腐殖酸峰基本保持不变预示了微生物适应了饥饿环境.本研究从代谢产物的角度解析了内源呼吸过程,为污水处理过程控制提供了新的思路.     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide on amine-modified TiO2 nanotubes

TiO2 nanotubes (TiNT) were prepared by a hydrothermal treatment and modified by three kinds of amines,namely ethylenediamine,polyetherimide and tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA),to study their CO2 adsorption properties from gas streams.The resultant samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and infrared spectroscopy,as well as low temperature N 2 adsorption.CO2 capture was investigated in a dynamic packed column at 30℃.TEPA-modified TiO2 nanotubes showed the highest adsorption capacity of 167.64 mg/g because it had the highest amino-group content among the three amines.CO2 fixation on TiNT impregnated by TEPA was investigated at 30,50,and 70℃,and the adsorption capacity increased slightly with temperature.Following the adsorption step,the sorbents were regenerated by temperature programmed desorption,and the TiNT-TEPA sample,as CO2 sorbent,was found to be readily regenerated and energy-efficient.The cycle test also revealed that the TiNT-TEPA adsorbent is fairly stable,with only a 5% drop in the adsorption capacity after 10 adsorption/desorption cycles.In addition,the CO2 adsorption behavior was investigated with the deactivation model,and which showed an excellent prediction for the TiNT-TEPA breakthrough curves.     

Differential responses of short-term soil respiration dynamics to the experimental addition of nitrogen and water in the temperate semi-arid steppe of Inner Mongolia, China

We examined the effects of simulated rainfall and increasing N supply of different levels on CO2 pulse emission from typical Inner Mongolian steppe soil using the static opaque chamber technique, respectively in a dry June and a rainy August. The treatments included NH4NO3 additions at rates of 0, 5, 10, and 20 g N/（m2.year） with or without water. Immediately after the experimental simulated rainfall events, the CO2 effluxes in the watering plots without N addition （WCK） increased greatly and reached the maximum value at 2 hr. However, the efflux level reverted to the background level within 48 hr. The cumulative CO2 effluxes in the soil ranged from 5.60 to 6.49 g C/m2 over 48 hr after a single water application, thus showing an increase of approximately 148.64% and 48.36% in the efftuxes during both observation periods. By contrast, the addition of different N levels without water addition did not result in a significant change in soil respiration in the short term. Two-way ANOVA showed that the effects of the interaction between water and N addition were insignificant in short-term soil COz efftuxes in the soil. The cumulative soil CO2 fluxes of different treatments over 48 hr accounted for approximately 5.34% to 6.91% and 2.36% to 2.93% of annual C emission in both experimental periods. These results stress the need for improving the sampling frequency after rainfall in future studies to ensure more accurate evaluation of the grassland C emission contribution.