天然气引射调峰系统的噪声形成及其治理研究

采用天然气引射调峰技术，能使上海某储配站10台天然气高压球罐的储气调峰能率提高68％，大大有助于解决天然气用气高峰时的供需平衡问题，并能节约初投资人民币1亿元。但使用超音速引射器后，当球罐压力下降到某一值时会产生高频噪声，影响管束区操作环境。本文分析了噪声产生的原因．提出了合理的噪声治理方案，并进行了方案的实施。实践证明：噪声治理效果良好，降低了管束区噪声污染，达到了国家“工业企业噪声卫生标准”。     

Uncertainty assessment of spatial patterns of soil organic carbon density using sequential indicator simulation, a case study of Hebei province, China

The spatial patterns of soil organic carbon (SOC) are closely related to the global climate change. In quantifying the spatial patterns of SOC density, the concept of uncertainty of the SOC density values at unsampled locations is particularly important because such uncertainty can be propagated into the subsequent global climate change modelling and has fundamental impacts on the ultimate results of the model. A total of 361 SOC density data of topsoil (0–20 cm) in Hebei province and sequential indicator simulation (SIS) were applied to perform a conditional stochastic simulation in this study to quantitatively assess the uncertainty of mapping SOC density. The results showed that a great variation exists in the SOC density data. The conditional variance of 500 realizations generated by SIS was larger in mountainous areas of the study area where the SOC density fluctuated the most, and the uncertainty was smaller on the plain area where SOC density was consistently small. Realizations generated by SIS can represent the possible spatial patterns of SOC density without smoothing effect. A set of realizations can be used to explore all possible spatial patterns of SOC density and provide a visual and quantitative measure of the spatial uncertainty of mapping SOC density. With a given threshold of SOC density, SIS can quantitatively assess both local uncertainty and spatial uncertainty of SOC density that is greater the threshold.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理技术改造实例分析

综述了垃圾填埋场渗滤液的物理化学、生物、土地处理等技术。对某地已投入使用的垃圾填埋场渗滤液的生物处理设施技术改造进行了较详细的分析探讨。     

Evolution and kinetics of volatile organic compounds generated during low-temperature polymer degradation

A method using direct flame ionization detector (FID) measurement was developed to study total volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions during thermal degradation of polymers. This method was used to estimate organic emissions from different polymers, such as low-density polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and commingled postconsumer streams, such as recycled carpet residue and auto shredder residue (ASR). The effects of process parameters, such as temperature, heating rate, and residence time, were also studied. Significant VOC emissions were observed at normal processing temperatures, particularly from recycled polymers. Each polymer showed a distinct evolution pattern during its thermal degradation. The kinetics of VOC emissions were also studied using a nonisothermal technique. The kinetic parameters were in agreement with data from the literature.     

采用生物发光检测法进行Ames试验的研究

将自行构建的含有青海弧菌荧光酶基因的质粒pACYCL184引入Ames试验的4个菌株TA97、TA98、TA100、TA102中,构建成能够生物发光的工程菌,分别命名为TAL97、TAL98、TAL100、TAL102.实验表明,该4株工程菌保持原出发菌株所具有的与Ames试验相关的性状,对各类致突变剂有良好的反应,且可用平皿计数法进行致突变试验.其发光值与致突变剂浓度存在良好的量效关系,故可用发光检测取代原Ames试验的平皿计数,使检测更简单、方便、快速.图3表3参11     

大理市环境质量现状及生态城市建设对策

对大理环境质量包括水环境、大气环境、降水酸度、声环境等进行了总结,认为工业、机动车、居民生活及旅游客流量等原因造成环境污染.提出了相对应解决的策略.     

洋山深水港水域鱼卵仔鱼分布特征

根据2001年5、8月和2003～2005年间5月和8月分别对洋山港航道水域20个定点测站进行的鱼卵仔鱼调查资料,着重就水域鱼卵仔鱼的数量时空分布和种类组成的年际变化特征与洋山港工程建设产生的环境影响的关系作了分析和探讨.结果表明:鱼卵仔鱼隶属6目19科25种,另有2种未定种.种类数以2005年最高,2004年与2003年持平.2003年和2005年鱼卵仔鱼的种类数比工程前期的2001年有所减少,2004年则与之持平.鱼卵仔鱼的数量年际变化较大,2003年和2005年鱼卵数量均低于2001年,2004年则要高于2001年;仔鱼数量上,2003～2005年均明显低于2001年.从区域分布看,航道区鱼卵仔鱼数量密度最高,其次为港口区,大桥区的数量密度最低.港口航道的开挖建设,其疏浚后海底地形的改变会导致水动力条件的变化而产生泥沙回淤,加上抛泥作业产生的悬浮物对鱼类特别是游泳能力较弱的仔、稚幼鱼会造成不同程度的危害.由于施工造成局部地区的流场和生态有较大改变,使得某些不适应环境变化的亲鱼群体逃离或生殖能力下降,代之以适应能力较强的种群,最终导致优势种群结构的改变较明显.随着工程建设进度的开展,影响程度逐渐趋缓.     

“矿井通风与安全”课程教学实践与探讨

针对“矿井通风与安全”内容多、范围广、理论性和实践性很强等特点,结合笔者教学实践,从注重教学内容的精选、注重案例分析、注重知识的延伸、注重课程设计环节以及注重教学方法等5个方面出发,探讨如何提高学生对该课程的学习主动性和积极性,增强学习效果的问题。     

成品油铁路装运站危险有害因素分析及安全措施

以某成品油装运站为例进行危险有害因素分析,探讨油品装运站危害识别与风险评估,为事故调查分析与事故预防提供科学依据,达到提高安全生产管理和事故预防水平的目的。     

企业应急预案编制与实施

以某企业为例,阐述了企业应急预案编制与实施工作中存在的问题和解决的措施.