机械活化煤气化细渣资源化利用及残碳燃烧反应动力学探究

随着我国煤气化技术的快速发展，气化渣的产生和排放量逐年增加.煤气化细渣的大量堆存，给当地的环境保护造成了巨大的压力，已经成为限制煤化工产业基地可持续发展急需解决的重大问题.本文针对气化细渣中残碳反应活性低和转化难度大的问题，研究了机械活化法对气化渣残碳反应动力学的影响.采用Coats-Redfern法分析了机械活化对残碳反应活化能的作用规律.结果表明，机械活化8 h，残碳燃烧反应活性显著提高，650℃下的活化能由63.2 k J·mol^-1降到28.4 k J·mol^-1.不添加其他化学试剂，1000℃烧制高强度轻质陶粒，其堆积密度为0.867 g·cm^-3，筒压强度为7.67 MPa.相关研究可以为我国气化细渣的资源化利用提供一定的数据和技术基础.     

Structural regulation of electroplating sludge by a metal–organic framework synthesis method for an enhanced denitrification activity

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Electroplating sludge contained multi-metals and organics. In previous reports, electroplating sludges were usually recycled by direct calcination...     

Dietary shifts and nitrogen losses to water in urban China: the case of Shanghai

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - China’s extraordinary economic development has provided the country’s growing population with easier access to animal food products,...     

Feasibility of nanoscale zerovalent iron-loaded sediment-based biochar (nZVI-SBC) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate: high selectivity toward dinitrogen and synergistic mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the process of water treatment, excessive nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants are of great concern. Therefore, we prepared nanoscale zerovalent iron...     

A review on fabricating functional materials by heavy metal–containing sludges

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - With the development of industry, sustainable use of natural resources has become a worldwide hot topic. Heavy metal–containing sludge (HMS) is...     

NO2 catalytic formation,consumption, and efflux in various types of diesel particulate filter

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The high NO2/NOX ratio in the after-treatment system is beneficial to its performance and achieved by NO catalytic conversion in diesel oxidation...     

Shifts in microbial community structure and diversity in a MBR combined with worm reactors treating synthetic wastewater

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH₃-N removal, membrane fouling, sludge characteristics and microbial community structure in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with worm reactors (SSBWR) were evaluated for 210 days. The obtained results were compared to those from a conventional MBR (C-MBR) operated in parallel. The results indicated that the combined MBR (S-MBR) achieved higher COD and NH₃-N removal efficiency, slower increase in membrane fouling, better sludge settleability and higher activities of the related enzymes in the activated sludge. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the microbial community structures in the C-MBR and the S-MBR. The microbial community structure in the S-MBR was more diverse than that in the C-MBR. Additionally, the slow-growing microbes such as Saprospiraceae, Actinomyces, Frankia, Clostridium, Comamonas, Pseudomonas, Dechloromonas and Flavobacterium were enriched in the S-MBR, further accounting for the sludge reduction, membrane fouling alleviation and wastewater treatment.     

Simulated reaction of formaldehyde and ambient atmospheric particulate matter using a chamber

The reaction of HCHO with Beijing winter's real ambient particulate matter(PM) inside a 3.3 m~3 Teflon Chamber was conducted in this study. NO_2, O_3 and H_2O gases were removed from the ambient aerosol before entering into the chamber. The decays of HCHO were monitored(acetylacetone spectrophotometry method) during the reactions at different PM number concentrations(N_a) and relative humidities(RHs), and the formed particulate formate was detected by IC and XPS techniques. The results showed that when RH was10%–15%, the decay rate of HCHO in the chamber was higher with the existence of PM from relatively clean days(with number concentration(N_a) 200,000 particle/L, 0.35–22.5 μm)compared to dirty days(N_a 200,000 particle/L, 0.35–22.5 μm). When RH increased to 30%–45%, PM can hardly have significant influences on the decay of HCHO. The formations of formate on the reacted PM were consistent with the HCHO decay rates at different ambient PM N_aand RH conditions. This is a first study related to the "real" ambient PM reacted with HCHO and suggested that in the clean and low RH days, PM could be an effective medium for the conversion of HCHO to formate.     

饱和持水量条件下不同氮添加对森林土壤氮素净转化的影响

为了研究在饱和持水量条件下不同氮沉降形态和水平对森林土壤氮素净转化及土壤N₂O排放的影响,选取中亚热带地带性森林红壤为研究对象,采用室内模拟试验方法,设置110%饱和持水量（WHC）的土壤水分,添加不同形态氮[（NH₄）₂SO₄、NaNO₃、NH₄NO₃]和不同含量[0 mg/kg（CK）、20.0 mg/kg（LN）、66.7 mg/kg（HN）,以干土计]的氮素,进行为期14 d的室内培养（20℃）.结果表明,与CK相比,（NH₄）₂SO₄和NaNO₃处理对土壤净氮矿化和氨化的影响不大,而（NH₄）₂SO₄处理的净硝化量在高氮水平下为负值,说明硝化很弱,但该处理的净氨化量高于其他处理,特别是NaNO₃处理的净氨化量较高,认为很可能存在NO₃--N异化还原为铵（DNRA）.NaNO₃处理能显著提高土壤净硝化量而显著降低w（SON）（SON为土壤可溶性有机氮）,NH₄NO₃处理同时降低了土壤w（NH₄+-N）和w（NO₃--N）,表现为氮固定作用,并且高氮水平的土壤w（MBN）（MBN为微生物量氮）显著高于低氮水平;NaNO₃和NH₄NO₃处理的土壤N₂O排放速率和培养周期内的累积排放量均显著高于CK,并且高氮水平显著高于低氮水平,而（NH₄）₂SO₄处理与CK相当,并且高氮水平下的N₂O累积排放量低于低氮水平.研究显示,在过饱和土壤水分条件下,混合形态氮对土壤氮素净转化格局影响较大,含NO₃-形态氮明显促进土壤N₂O的排放,尤其是高氮水平.研究结果可为评价全球气候变化下特别是降雨情况下沉降氮形态对土壤氮素转化的影响提供重要参考.      

中国主要湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染特征与评价分析

为了解我国主要湖泊沉积物中重金属的污染特征,通过搜集整理已公开发表的文献资料数据,分析了我国31个主要湖泊表层沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb和Zn 8种重金属含量的平均值及其分布特征,并运用地累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法对其污染程度进行评价。结果显示:我国31个湖泊的沉积物中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn平均含量分别为16.39,0.497,6.29,36.89,0.076,35.37,99.52 mg/kg,大部分元素含量平均值的最大值分布区域较为分散。地累积指数评价结果表明:8种重金属的平均污染程度由高到低依次为Cd>Hg>Cu>Zn>As>Ni>Zn>Cr,Cd和Hg在多个湖泊沉积物中达中度到重污染。潜在生态风险指数评价结果表明:8种重金属的潜在生态风险系数从高到低依次为Cd>Hg>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr>Zn。8种重金属的总地累积指数和综合潜在生态风险具有显著的地域差异(P0.05),表明我国主要湖泊具有各自不同的重金属污染特征。