吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫的室内毒性研究

吡虫啉是目前使用最广泛的新烟碱类农药,其不合理使用破坏蜜蜂的嗅觉记忆能力,影响采集行为,导致多种亚致死效应。利用室内人工饲养蜜蜂幼虫技术,选取意大利蜜蜂幼虫为研究对象,经3 d适应性饲养后,连续3 d喂食含不同浓度的吡虫啉日粮,测定蜜蜂幼虫的存活率、化蛹率和羽化率,评估吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫生长发育影响。结果表明,吡虫啉处理剂量为15ng·幼虫~(-1)时,并不影响蜜蜂幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率;当处理剂量达到150 ng·幼虫~(-1)时,蜜蜂幼虫羽化率下降,但不影响蜜蜂幼虫的存活率和化蛹率;幼虫7 d半数致死剂量为2 300 ng·幼虫~(-1)。高剂量吡虫啉对蜜蜂幼虫存活率、化蛹率和羽化率均存在影响,处理剂量越高,存活率、化蛹率和羽化率越低,呈高度负相关(r=-0.99,-0.94,-0.89),同时蜜蜂幼虫的羽化时间延长。研究可为吡虫啉的合理使用提供科学参考。     

新烟碱类农药在我国的登记现状及对蜜蜂的初级风险评估

调研已开发的包括吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、啶虫脒、噻虫啉、呋虫胺、烯啶虫胺、环氧虫啶、氯噻啉、哌虫啶和氟啶虫胺腈在内的11种新烟碱类农药在我国的登记现状。根据已登记的新烟碱农药的使用方法,开展了不同暴露场景下蜜蜂的初级风险评估。结果表明,喷施场景下,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫胺、烯啶虫胺、呋虫胺、氟啶虫胺腈和氯噻啉这7种新烟碱类农药在不同作物上使用对蜜蜂的风险商值均大于1,风险均不可接受;啶虫脒、哌虫啶和噻虫啉在所有登记作物上使用对蜜蜂的风险商值均小于1,风险可接受。土壤或种子处理场景下,除噻虫啉外,其余4种新烟碱类农药包括吡虫啉、噻虫胺、噻虫嗪和呋虫胺对蜜蜂的风险商值均大于1,风险均不可接受。评估结果可为新烟碱类农药在我国的登记管理提供科学参考。     

地矿系统矽肺与可疑矽肺的肺功能评价

本文通过对地质矿产系统１１５ 例矽肺与可疑矽肺的肺功能检查与分析，对矽肺呼吸功能障碍的性质与程度进行了评价；提出了肺功能检查能为矽肺患者代偿机能及劳动力鉴定提供辅助依据的见解；同时阐明了吸烟对肺功能的影响及小气道功能检查对早期发现亚临床期病人的意义     

Reproductive toxicity of organic extracts from petrochemical plant e uents discharged to the Yangtze River, China

Water pollution of the Yangtze River in China became one of challenges that the government is facing today.Increasing numbers of petrochemical plants were built along the river in past decades,and numbers of organic chemicals were discharged into the river.Our goal was to establish in vitro system on rat sertoli cells,spermatogenic cells and leydig cells to investigate the reproductive toxicity potential induced by organic extracts from petrochemical effluents.Our results showed that the organic extract dep...     

2010年2月27日智利地震地球球型自由振荡研究

利用中国数字地震台网（CDSN）5个台站的波形资料,采用功率谱密度估计方法,提取了智利地震激发的地球球型自由振荡,并与地球初步参考模型（PREM）的理论自由振荡周期进行对比,发现球型振荡振型周期与地球初步参考模型预测的球型自由振荡周期基本吻合。所得结果可以进一步用来研究地震震源机制和地球内部结构,并对大地震的震源破裂分布给出一定的约束。     

Association of serum concentration of organochlorine pesticides with dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among urban Chinese women

Concerns about the carcinogenic and endocrine-disrupting characteristics of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have led to a global ban on OCP use. However, OCPs persist in the environment for decades because of their long half-life. We evaluated serum levels of OCPs and their correlations with usual dietary intake and other lifestyle factors among 250 healthy women who participated as controls in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Serum levels of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (alpha-HCH, beta-HCH, gamma-HCH), dichloro-di-phenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) isomers (p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), trans-nonachlor (TNC), and eight polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) congeners (IUPAC no. 74, 118, 138, 153, 170, 180, 183, and 187) were measured. Lifestyle factors and usual dietary habits over the past 5 years were assessed through an in-person interview. With the exception of PCB, total OCP levels in our study population were significantly higher than those observed in other countries. Age, income, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, number of pregnancies, and/or total duration of breastfeeding were all significantly correlated with all types of OCPs. Of the 20 food groups evaluated, correlations with serum total OCPs were observed for eggs (r=0.13), fresh beans (r=-0.17), tea (r=0.14), and animal fat (r=0.18). Multiple regression analyses showed that age and animal fat intake were positively associated with serum total level OCPs, while leafy vegetable and fresh bean consumption was negatively associated with OCPs level. Our study suggests that dietary intake may be an important contributor of serum levels of OCPs in Chinese women.     

广西省实施国家“十二五”环境保护规划中期评估研究

《国家环境保护“十二五”规划》是中国环保行业重要的纲领性文件。根据国家和广西对开展“十二五”规划中期评估工作的相关要求,采用定量定性相结合,辅助逻辑判断的方式,对广西涉及国家要求的142个指标,从目标指标完成情况、环境质量现状、重点领域工作开展、环境保护公共服务体系完善及保障措施落实等5个方面评估广西实施国家环境保护“十二五”规划实施情况。最后,总结得出规划实施过程中存在的问题,并提出“十二五”后期部署及对策建议。     

南淝河沉积物污染特征及评价研究

对南淝河当涂路桥上游至董铺水库河段的沉积物进行系统地分析,测定了有机质、总磷（ TP）、总氮（ TN）及重金属Pb、Cr、Zn的含量。研究了沉积物中各个测定指标的垂直分布规律,各采样点的污染指标含量均呈现随着取样深度的增加而减少。用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害系数法对沉积物中重金属污染作出了评价,结果表明,南淝河沉积物中重金属含量属于轻度生态危害。对沉积物中的有机质和有机氮运用有机指数和有机氮评价法进行评价,发现南淝河沉积物中的有机质和有机氮均处于超标状态。     

Individual particle analysis of aerosols collected at Lhasa City in the Tibetan Plateau

To understand the composition and major sources of aerosol particles in Lhasa City on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), individual particles were collected from 2 February to 8 March, 2013 in Tibet University. The mean concentrations of both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ during the sampling were 25.7 ± 21.7 and 57.2 ± 46.7 μg/m³, respectively, much lower than those of other cities in East and South Asia, but higher than those in the remote region in TP like Nam Co, indicating minor urban pollution. Combining the observations with the meteorological parameters and back trajectory analysis, it was concluded that local sources controlled the pollution during the sampling. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energydispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) was used to study 408 particles sampled on four days. Based on the EDS analysis, a total of 8 different particle categories were classified for all 408 particles, including Si-rich, Ca-rich, soot, K-rich, Fe-rich, Pb-rich, Al-rich and other particles. The dominant elements were Si, Al and Ca, which were mainly attributed to mineral dust in the earth's crust such as feldspar and clay. Fe-, Pb-, K-, Al-rich particles and soot mainly originated from anthropogenic sources like firework combustion and biomass burning during the sampling. During the sampling, the pollution mainly came from mineral dust, while the celebration ceremony and religious ritual produced a large quantity of anthropogenic metal-bearing particles on 9 and 25 February 2013. Cement particles also had a minor influence. The data obtained in this study can be useful for developing pollution control strategies.     

电子鼻检测污染土壤中挥发性氯代烃的适用性研究

开发了一套以光离子化传感器（PID）为核心的电子鼻系统,用于污染土壤中挥发性氯代烃的快速检测.用气相色谱（GC）分析评价了预处理管对苯系物等干扰物质的去除效果;用标准气体发生装置发生不同浓度的四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯气体,比较评价了电子鼻与GC检测结果的吻合程度及测试重现性.在此基础上,选取我国长三角地区三类典型水稻土进行模拟污染土壤的通风净化实验,评价了电子鼻系统用于实时监测挥发性氯代烯烃污染土壤修复进程的可行性.结果表明：①采用RAE-SEP卤代烃分离管进行预处理,甲苯、乙苯等苯系干扰物的去除率可达80%～97%,而四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯等挥发性氯代烃的选择性透过率高于90%;②电子鼻对不同浓度四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯气体的定量检测结果与GC结果相近,线性拟合斜率为1.012,相关系数R2〉0.99;③电子鼻对三类典型土壤通气脱附过程中污染物浓度的变化趋势的实时监测结果与GC检测结果基本一致,判定系数R2〉0.99（n=47）.因此,该电子鼻系统有望用于挥发性氯代烯烃污染土壤的快速检测,提高污染场地的风险评估和修复效率.