An approach to calculating allowable watershed pollutant loads

To improve the management of discharge pollutants loads in the reservoirs’ watershed, an approach of the allowable pollutants loads calculation and its allocation, based on the water environment model, was proposed. Establishment of the approach framework was described at first. Under the guidance of this framework, two major steps were as follows: modeling and scenario analysis were involved and should be applied to support the decision of discharge loads management; Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model was selected as the kernel model in this framework. In modeling step, spatial discretization for establishing cell map in model, data preprocessing, parameter calibration and uncertainty analysis (which is considered as the significantly relevant factor of the margin of safety (MOS)), were conducted. As a result of the research, the model-based approach presented as a combination of estimation and precise calculation, which contributed to scenario analysis step. Some integrated modules, such as scenario simulation, result analysis and plan optimization were implemented as cycles in the scenario analysis. Finally, allowable pollutant loads under various conditions were calculated. The Chaihe Reservoir in Liaoning Province, China was used as a case study for an application of the approach described above. Results of the Chaihe reservoir water quality simulation, show good agreement with field data and demonstrated that the approach used in the present study provide an efficient and appropriate methodology for pollutant load allocation.     

Mechanisms of the Formation of Extrazonal Biocenoses on the Solovetskiye Islands

On the Solovetskiye Islands, subtundra forests and forest-tundra crooked forests are considered to be zonal biocenoses, as this region is intersected by the 12°C isotherm for July, which marks the boundary between the northern taiga and forest-tundra zones in northern Europe. The formation of extrazonal tundras on the islands is attributed to the cooling effect of the sea and the prevalence of cold northeasterly winds in the growing period. Herbaceous and herb-bilberry forests similar to their middle-taiga counterparts develop in this region due to a convective heat flow anomaly of high intensity (up to 40–50 W/m²). The phenomenon provides evidence for the existence of an active heat source in the crust under the archipelago. This source is probably a diapir fold involving the upward movement of the mantle.     

两种生物填料净化城市混合污水的对比分析

本文初步对软性、瑞琪两种填料净化城市混合污水的效果进行比较研究，为进一步深入开展土地快速渗滤技术及处理城市混合污水实用技术的研究提供依据。     

Effects of the Anthropogenic Factor on Bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Volga Region

Using the example of bats inhabiting the Volga region, the cases in which the anthropogenic factor creates favorable conditions for these animals or significantly reduces their diversity of their fauna are considered. In this context, an opinion concerning the approaches to the conservation of bats is formulated.     

Planning for human settlements in disaster-prone areas: The Chinese experience

This paper describes the necessity and the possibilities for mitigating the effects of natural disasters as exemplified by the Chinese experiences in Tangshan and Sichuan etc. With the dynamic viewpoint as a guiding concept the paper advocates the “prevention first” policy as well as planning strategies for human settlements in disaster-prone areas. It covers emergency and reconstruction planning as well as recommendations for prevention and mitigation planning. The paper also reviews the Chinese experience.     

我国中西部生态脆弱带坡耕地水土流失及坡地梯化

中西部生态脆弱带是我国坡耕地集中分布地区 ,坡耕地水土流失是中西部生态脆弱带水土流失的主要类型 ,坡地梯化是防治坡耕地水土流失和实现坡耕地可持续利用的重要措施 ,国家应加大投资力度开展以坡地梯化为中心的坡耕地综合开发整治工作     

浪漫柔情巴厘岛

巴厘岛，印度尼西亚13000座岛屿中最著名的旅游胜地．面积5500平方公里．东西绵延140公里，南北跨越80公里，是印尼这一万多颗海上“珍珠”中最闪亮的一颗。