Trace elements and rare earth elements in wet deposition of Lijiang, Mt. Yulong region, southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

In order to investigate the compositions and wet deposition fluxes of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) in the precipitation of the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, 38 precipitation samples were collected from March to August in 2012 in an urban site of Lijiang city in the Mt. Yulong region. The concentrations of most trace elements and REEs were higher during the non-monsoon season than during the monsoon season, indicating that the lower concentrations of trace elements and REEs observed during monsoon had been influenced by the dilution effect of increased precipitation. The concentrations of trace elements in the precipitation of Lijiang city were slightly higher than those observed in remote sites of the Tibetan Plateau but much lower than those observed in the metropolises of China, indicating that the atmospheric environment of Lijiang city was less influenced by anthropogenic emissions, and, as a consequence, the air quality was still relatively good. However, the results of enrichment factor and principal component analysis revealed that some anthropogenic activities (e.g., the increasing traffic emissions from the rapid development of tourism) were most likely important contributors to trace elements, while the regional/local crustal sources rather than anthropogenic activities were the predominant contributors to the REEs in the wet deposition of Lijiang city. Our study was relevant not only for assessing the current status of the atmospheric environment in the Mt. Yulong region, but also for specific management actions to be implemented for the control of atmospheric inputs and the health of the environment for the future.     

汾河底泥耗氧速率测试

以汾河运城段几个县界断面底泥和水质为实验目标,采用实验室测定方法,分别对在平水期、枯水期的底泥耗氧(SOD)速率进行测试,并对测试条件进行优化,对结果进行分析。研究表明,无论枯水期还是平水期,SOD总体变化趋势与河流水质污染(化学需氧量、氨氮)趋势基本一致。     

Modelling the Transport of Oil–Mineral-Aggregates (OMAs) in the Marine Environment and Assessment of Their Potential Risks

Spilled oil can interact with suspended particles in marine environments and form oil–mineral aggregates (OMAs). Some OMAs with densities higher than seawater density can settle to the seedbed to pose potential risks to benthic organisms. To understand the transport and fate of oil associated with OMAs and evaluate their potential risks, an integrated hydrodynamic and fate/transport model has been used in a hypothetical case study of 1,000 tonnes of South Louisiana oil spilled in the Bristol Channel. Several scenarios have been simulated under different wave and current conditions. By using OMA properties derived from laboratory measurements reported in literature, it has been found that the risk to the benthos is unlikely for the two hypothetical cases with strong currents, but it is likely for the wave only (weak current) case. The effects of other factors such as OMA properties and sediment concentration were also examined in terms of their effects on the transport process and risks.     

Assessment of heavy metals in sediments from a typical catchment of the Yangtze River, China

An intensive investigation was conducted to study the accumulation, speciation, and distribution of various heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in sediments from the Yangtze River catchment of Wuhan, China. The potential ecological risks posed by these heavy metals also were estimated. The median concentrations of most heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were higher than the background values of soils in Wuhan and were beyond the threshold effect level (TEL), implying heavy metal contamination of the sediments. Carbonate-bound Cd and exchangeable Cd, both of which had high bioavailability, were 40.2% and 30.5% of the total for Cd, respectively, demonstrating that Cd poses a high ecological risk in the sediments. The coefficients of the relationship among Pb, Hg, and Cu were greater than 0.797 using correlation analysis, indicating the highly positive correlation among these three elements. Besides, total organic carbon content played an important role in determining the behaviors of heavy metals in sediments. Principal component analysis was used to study the distribution and potential origin of heavy metals. The result suggested three principal components controlling their variability in sediments, which accounted for 36.72% (factor 1: Hg, Cu, and Pb), 28.69% (factor 2: Cr, Zn, and Ni), and 19.45% (factor 3: As and Cd) of the total variance. Overall, 75% of the studied sediment samples afforded relatively low potential ecological risk despite the fact that generally higher concentrations of heavy metals relative to TEL were detected in the sediments.     

Land Degradation Evaluation in North Hebei Province Based on Remote Sensing and GIS

Land degradation is one of the serious environmental problems that can lead to poverty, and is especially prominent in eco-fragile areas in developing countries and increases the risk of environmental safety. North Hebei Province belongs to an ecologically fragile region in North China, which has great impact on the eco-safety of Beijing and Tianjin. Using Landsat TM data and GIS, this paper evaluates land degradation in North Hebei province of China from the the 1960＇s to 1987 and 2000. Land use/cover change pattern from 1987 to 2000, its regional difference and forest change characteristics will also be analyzed; soil erosion intensity and arable land suitability were also evaluated. Results revealed that land use/cover pattern in this study area did not change greatly from 1987 to 2000. The structure and function of regional land ecosystem was at a level of local improvement and integral deterioration. Land above medium soil erosion intensity reached 21 percent, which was also the area with a serious soil erosion and land degradation problem. Soil erosion and land degradation intensity of grassland was the biggest. For the present arable land, the proportion of high suitability was 13 percent.     

空气中氯苯类、异戊烯醇和贲亭酸甲酯定量监测方法初探

为了顺应沿江开发战略,沿江地区设立了多个化学工业园。随着因区企业的陆续建成投产,在不利气象条件下化工园排放的有机污染物异味扰民时有发生。严重影响化工园周边地区群众的生活。某化学工业园废气特异指标氯苯类、贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇是异味的主要来源,其相应的监测分析方法氯苯类国内有标准方法,贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇国内未见报道。为了掌握第一手监测数据资料,笔者对某化学工业因特异指标氯苯类、贲亭酸甲酯和异戊烯醇的监测分析方法进行了探索,获得了一种简便可行的定量监测分析方法。此方法使用活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解析和GC—FID（气相色谱-氢火焰光度法）分析一并完成3个化舍物的分析,简单快捷、成本低廉,可供参考。     

循环经济发展中科技创新战略研究

在循环经济取代传统经济成为经济发展主导模式的过程中,需要先进的科学技术支撑.阐述了传统科技创新的生态缺陷,指出传统科技创新存在生态缺陷是传统经济发展模式凸现增长极限的根源.分析了循环经济发展中科技创新的战略思路,建议在战略思路上实现科技创新观、技术创新战略由效益型转向生态型,技术创新模式由线型转向循环型,传统技术体系转向绿色技术体系,使科技创新能够真正为循环经济的发展提供技术支持.     

关于环境在线监测几点问题的探讨

相对于传统的环境监测方式,环境在线自动监控作为一种先进技术,在环境应急反应、提高办事效率及管理水平等方面具有突出优势,但在实际应用过程中面临着在企业的推广有难度、监管方式尚需完善以及监测方法不统一等方面的问题。本文针对这些问题从管理模式、运营机制、管理方式以及监测方法等四个方面提出了相应的解决方案,以求通过这些措施的应用,确保环境自动监测系统在未来的环境管理中发挥更加重要的作用。     

Mercury in leaf litter in typical suburban and urban broadleaf forests in China

Leaf litterfall plays an important role in transporting atmospheric mercury to soil in forests area.     

高压聚乙烯反应单元火灾爆炸危险性分析及预防

运用道化学公司火灾爆炸危险指数评价（第7版）方法,针对管式法高压聚乙烯生产工艺的特点,计算分析安全措施补偿后的火灾爆炸指数,分析总结其火灾危险性,并提出了一些具体的防火防爆措施。