广州市环境保护“十二五”规划指标体系研究

环境保护目标和指标体系是环境保护规划的核心内容,具有重要意义。文章根据广州市环境现状和趋势,结合对广州市“十一五”规划指标及其他指标体系的分析研究,提出了广州市环境保护“十二五”规划指标体系的初步设想,构建了包含10个类别、37个指标的规划指标体系。     

Reliability and input-data induced uncertainty of the EPIC model to estimate climate change impact on sorghum yields in the U.S. Great Plains

Crop simulation models are frequently used to estimate the impact of climate change on crop production. However, few studies have evaluated the model performance in ways that most researchers practiced in climate impact studies. In this article, we examined the reliability of the EPIC model in simulating grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) yields in the U.S. Great Plains under different climate scenarios, namely in years with normal or extreme temperature and precipitation. We also investigated model uncertainties introduced by input data that are not site-specific but commonly used or available for climate change studies. Historical field trial data of sorghum at the Mead Experimental Center, NE, were used for model evaluations. The results showed that overall model reliability was about 56%. The mean absolute relative error (absRE) was about 29%. The degree of accuracy and reliability varied with climate-classes and nitrogen (N)-treatments. The largest bias occurred in drought years (RE = ?25%) and the most unreliable results were found in N-0 treatment (reliability = 32%). There was more than 69% probability that input-data-induced uncertainties were limited to less than 20% of absRE. Our results support the application of the EPIC model to climate change impact studies in the U.S. Great Plains. However, efforts are needed to improve the accuracy in simulating crop responses to extreme water- and nitrogen-stressed conditions.     

珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物中重金属的粒度效应

测定了珠江(广州河段)表层沉积物中重金属元素的含量和粒径组成,对重金属元素的粒度效应进行了分析和研究。监测结果表明,各重金属元素与粒度组成之间有以下相关关系:(1)各重金属元素与砂之间表现出一定的负相关性;(2)各重金属元素与粉砂之间表现出较明显的正相关性;(3)各重金属元素与粘土之间不存在显著相关性。重金属与粒度组成之间的这种相关关系将丰富沉积物中污染物分布"粒度控制规律"的内容。     

高硫煤还原分解磷石膏过程中CaS生成机理研究

在N,2气氛下,利用热重分析仪和管式炉研究了高硫煤还原分解磷石膏过程中CaS的生成机理.研究表明.在1000～1150℃温度范围内.磷石膏中的CaSO4与煤粉或汽化产生的CO反应是生成CaS的主要反应.CaS的生成机理可以通过固-固反应机理、气-固反应机理或联合作用机理等模型进行解释.通过对磷石膏分解产物的XRD-SEM图进行分析,结果表明.不同粒径高硫煤对CaS生成量的影响是通过改变CaS的生成机理来实现的.高硫煤粒径较小时.利于气-固反应的发生,而产生大量CaS,反之则以固-固反应机制为主.CaS的生成也相对难些.     

层次分析法在工业污水处理厂收水体制选择中的应用

该文基于适应于工业污水处理厂(工业废水量≥50%)的收水体制,利用层次分析法(AHP)建立4层14指标2方案的综合评价体系,并通过构造判断矩阵及一致性检验得到各指标的权重值。在此基础上,利用专家打分法建立指标评价标准和量化方法,并选择采用合流制和分流制收水体制的工业污水处理厂各8家,分别建立来水复杂程度、处理效果和投资费用之间的相关函数,从而为通过来水复杂程度选择收水体制提供理论依据和实践指导。     

Corrosion rules for ordinary concrete exposed to sulfur dioxide-containing environments

Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) significantly influences the durability of concrete. Concrete corrosion in SO₂-containing environments is a serious concern. In this study, an accelerated test was devised to examine the change rules of concrete corrosion in SO₂-containing environments. Experiments were conducted to explore changes in mass, strength, and sulfatized depth with different water–cement ratios and a series of SO₂ concentrations. Data indicated that the water–cement ratio and SO₂ levels all impact the durability of concrete.     

Distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River北大核心CSCD

Macrobenthic communities are an important part of aquatic ecological system in the Yangtze River. Studies on macrobenthic community structure and diversity have important significance for development and protection of water resources in the Yangtze River. In this research, macrobenthic communities and their habitat in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River were investigated at 17 sites in May and September of 2013. Shannon-wiener diversity index was used to assess the diversity of macrobenthic communities. The results showed that there were 36 species at these 17 sites; the abundance and diversity of macrobenthic community were the highest in the Nanjing Reach and the Changzhou Reach, the lowest in the Nantong Reach of the Yangtze River. Nephthys sp., Grandidierella chaohuensis sp., Gammarus sp., Tubifex sp. and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri were the dominant taxa in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River. Cluster analysis based on species abundance yielded four groups among the 17 sites. One-way analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) suggested significant differences in macrobenthic community structure among the four groups (P < 0.05). The results indicated that factors including aquatic plants, water flow velocity, sediment types and channels can influence the distribution and diversity of macrobenthic communities in the Jiangsu Reach of the Yangtze River.     

基于行政层级构建“橄榄型”生态文明建设指标框架

当前生态文明指标体系研究和实践中,一方面生态文明指标体系和生态文明指数构建方法不尽相同,另一方面刻意追求统一的指标体系而忽视了不同行政层级间的差异性,对层级间指标衔接等问题缺乏考虑。依照生态文明内涵以及十八大尤其是十八届三中全会关于生态文明建设尤其是生态文明考核指标要求,提出各行政层级构建“橄榄型”生态文明建设指标框架体系。该指标体系强调国家的顶层宏观引导作用,并以市县级生态文明建设指标体系为基础,向上构建省级生态文明建设指标体系,向下构建乡镇级生态文明建设指标体系,体现“国家—省—市县—乡镇”之间的整体性、衔接性、协调性,真正反映生态文明建设是“自上而下引导力”和“自下而上推动力”的合力作用的结果,服务于我国生态文明建设的持续开展和长效管理。     

戊二醛对紫色非硫光合细菌脱氢酶活力的影响

探讨微生物细胞对戊二醛毒性的耐受能力及应用条件的适宜范围,可为废水处理中固定化细胞的应用提供实验基础和理论依据。以紫色非硫光合细菌（PSB）为例,直接用戊二醛作用于细胞,在不同pH值、温度、戊二醛浓度、反应时间等条件下研究戊二醛对PSB脱氢酶活力的影响。结果表明：戊二醛对PSB脱氢酶活力影响的主要限制因素为戊二醛浓度和反应时间。当戊二醛浓度为0.5～1.0％,反应时间为1～2h时,PSB脱氢酶活力回收可达83％以上;PSB细胞经戊二醛处理后,热稳定性增强,pH稳定性无明显变化;并比较出热带假丝酵母菌和PSB对戊二醛的毒性耐受能力大于大肠埃希氏杆菌和芽孢杆菌yol。     

清除废气中VOCs的流向变换催化燃烧技术进展

一、引　　言环境恶化严重地威胁人类的生存和社会的可持续发展 ,是当前全世界共同面临的一个重大问题。作为空气污染的主要来源之一 ,易挥发有机物 (ＶＯＣｓ)不仅是一次污染源而且还可能造成光化学烟雾等二次污染[1 ] 。因此 ,控制大气中挥发性有机物非常重要。美国 1 990年开始实施的清洁空气法修正案要求在其后的九年内使大气中有毒化学品的排放量减少 90 % ,其中 70 %为易挥发有机物 (ＶＯＣｓ) ,其他发达国家也都围绕改善生态环境和有效利用资源的战略性要求采取了相应的措施。尤其是投入了大量的人力、物力 ,致力于控制空气中挥发性…