探讨水文、气象因素对九江台形变资料的影响

利用九江台数字化形变观测资料,分析了形变各测项受温度、降雨、气压和水位等因素的影响情况。分析结果表明,年变动态较好的测项往往固体潮质量稍差、受降雨影响较小,且主要受控于洞温,而年变形态较差的测项往往受降雨影响明显;气压短期大幅波动对各测项有不同程度的影响;水位变幅较大时对大多数形变测项有显著影响。     

日本环境教育的回顾与展望

本文回顾了日本环境教育的产生与发展过程,分析了日本环境教育的现状,介绍了日本环境教育的形式与内容。     

Size and elemental composition of dry-deposited particles during a severe dust storm at a coastal site of Eastern China

Dry-deposited particles were collected during the passage of an extremely strong dust storm in March, 2010 at a coastal site in Qingdao(36.15°N, 120.49°E), a city located in Eastern China. The size, morphology, and elemental composition of the particles were quantified with a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray instrument(SEM–EDX). The particles appeared in various shapes, and their size mainly varied from 0.4to 10 μm, with the mean diameters of 0.5, 1.5, and 1.0 μm before, during, and after the dust storm, respectively. The critical size of the mineral particles settling on the surface in the current case was about 0.3–0.4 μm before the dust storm and about 0.5–0.7 μm during the dust storm. Particles that appeared in high concentration but were smaller than the critical size deposited onto the surface at a small number flux. The elements Al, Si and Mg were frequently detected in all samples, indicating the dominance of mineral particles. The frequency of Al in particles collected before the dust storm was significantly lower than for those collected during and after the dust storm. The frequencies of Cl and Fe did not show obvious changes, while those of S, K and Ca decreased after the dust arrival. These results indicate that the dust particles deposited onto the surface were less influenced by anthropogenic pollutants in terms of particle number.     

鸡粪高效降解菌群对堆肥的影响

为明确自行筛选开发的高效降解菌对鸡粪发酵的影响,分析研究了其堆肥的主要腐熟指标。结果表明,加入高效降解菌剂的堆肥处理方法温度相对较高,脱水快,pH值适宜,C／N调整较好,种子发芽指数高,堆肥后营养养分含量高,且大肠菌群数量少,堆肥效果较好。     

Chemical compositions of PM2.5 aerosol during haze periods in the mountainous city of Yong'an, China

Haze phenomena were found to have an increasing tendency in recent years in Yong'an, a mountainous industrial city located in the center part of Fujian Province, China. Atmospheric fine particles (PM_2.5) in the urban area during haze periods in three seasons (spring, autumn and winter) from 2007 to 2008 were collected, and the mass concentrations and chemical compositions (seventeen elements, water soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs) and carbonaceous species) of PM_2.5 were determined. PM_2.5 mass concentrations did not show a distinct difference among the three seasons. The carbonaceous species organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) constituted up to 19.2%-30.4% of the PM_2.5 mass during sampling periods, while WSIIs made up 25.3%-52.5% of the PM_2.5 mass. The major ions in PM_2.5 were SO₄^2-, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺, while the major elements were Si, K, Pb, Zn, Ca and Al. The experimental results (from data based on three haze periods with a 10-day sampling length for each period) showed that the crustal element species was the most abundant component of PM_2.5 in spring, and the secondary ions species (SO₄^2-, NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, etc.) was the most abundant component in PM_2.5 in autumn and winter. This indicated that dust was the primary pollution source for PM_2.5 in spring and combustion and traffic emissions could be the main pollution sources for PM_2.5 in autumn and winter. Generally, coal combustion and traffic emissions were considered to be the most prominent pollution sources for this city on haze days.     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes.     

国内焦化废水处理技术探讨

针对焦化生产环境污染和资源浪费严重的情况,国家自2005年1月1日起实施<焦化行业准入条件>,要求焦化废水经处理后要做到内部循环使用.焦化废水的处理主要采用一级预处理和二级生化处理.目前国内较先进的焦化废水处理技术有A2/O、固定化高效微生物处理技术(3T-AF/BAF)等.     

One-pot molten salt method for constructing CdS/C3N4 nanojunctions with highly enhanced photocatalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction

The construction of heterojunction photocatalysts for efficiently utilizing solar energy has attracted considerable attention to solve the energy crisis and reduce environmental pollution. In this study, we use the energy released from an easily-occurred exothermic chemical reaction to serve as the drive force to trigger the formation of Cd S and C₃N₄ nanocomposites which are successfully fabricated with cadmium nitrate and thiourea without addition of any solvents and prot...     

N-doped CoAl oxides from hydrotalcites with enhanced oxygen vacancies for excellent low-temperature propane oxidation

A series of nitrogen-doped CoAlO (N-CoAlO) were constructed by a hydrothermal route combined with a controllable NH₃ treatment strategy. The effects of NH₃ treatment on the physico-chemical properties and oxidation activities of N-CoAlO catalysts were investigated. In comparison to CoAlO, a smallest content decrease in surface Co³⁺ (serving as active sites) while a largest increased amount of surface Co²⁺ (contributing to oxygen species) are obtained over N-CoAlO/4h among the N-CoAlO catalysts. Meanwhile, a maximum N doping is found over N-CoAlO/4h. As a result, N-CoAlO/4h (under NH₃ treatment at 400°C for 4 hr) with rich oxygen vacancies shows optimal catalytic activity, with a T₉₀ (the temperature required to reach a 90% conversion of propane) at 266°C. The more oxygen vacancies are caused by the co-operative effects of N doping and suitable reduction of Co³⁺ for N-CoAlO/4h, leading to an enhanced oxygen mobility, which in turn promotes C₃H₈ total oxidation activity dominated by Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Moreover, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) analysis shows that N doping facilities the decomposition of intermediate species (propylene and formate) into CO₂ over the catalyst surface of N-CoAlO/4h more easily. Our reported design in this work will provide a promising way to develop abundant oxygen vacancies of Co-based catalysts derived from hydrotalcites by a simple NH₃ treatment.