生物接触氧化法处理选矿废水的影响因素

选矿废水主要来源于有色金属矿山,具有水量大、悬浮物浓度高、重金属浓度高、有机浮选药剂浓度高等明显特征。选矿废水若直接排放,对环境的危害相当大。采用生物接触氧化法对模拟选矿废水进行了处理实验研究,考察了不同工艺条件对苯胺黑药、黄药及乙硫氮等浮选药剂去除效果的影响,结果表明:接触氧化反应器的最佳停留时间为8 h,进水最佳pH为6～7,葡萄糖投加量为0.1 mg/L时,降解效果达到最佳;此外,接触氧化反应器中微生物承受硫化物的浓度可达到120 mg/L。     

低温下生物膜流化床工艺硝化反应动力学研究

采用生物膜流化床工艺对中部某城镇污水处理厂进行提标改造,在冬季水温低于14℃时进行中试研究。取好氧池1和2中的部分填料经小试实验对其中的硝化反应动力学分析,得出填料上相应生物膜硝化反应速率表达式。并通过物料衡算计算出两级生物膜流化床反应器硝化反应动力学模型,经过实际中试实验,测得实际值与计算值相关性较好,其相对误差在15%以下。应用模型在单个反应器为完全混合、整体为推流模式的多级生物膜流化床工艺,得出NH4+-N出水浓度计算表达式。     

基于成本-效能分析的氧化沟工艺运行条件优化

在利用ASM2d模型对城市污水处理厂氧化沟工艺进行动态模拟的基础上,将曝气能耗、污泥产量与出水水质超标率整合为一个综合效能指数,对该工艺进行了成本-效能分析。最优运行策略为:3～10月温度高于15℃时运行8台曝气转刷,其余时间段运行10台转刷,同时剩余污泥排放量控制在250 m3/d。这一策略能够使出水NH4-N和TN的超标率分别低于5%和2%,保证出水TP的持续达标,与常规运行策略相比,在明显降低氮磷超标率的同时,节省曝气能耗约12%。     

剩余污泥中微生物絮凝剂的提取方法比较

分别采用低浓度和高浓度剩余污泥对剩余污泥中微生物絮凝剂(MBF)的多种提取方法(超声法、树脂法、超声-树脂法、树脂-超声法、超声-树脂-超声法和树脂-超声-树脂法等)进行了比较研究.结果表明,各种复合形式的提取效果均优于超声法或树脂法单独使用的提取效果.在各种复合形式中,以树脂-超声法所提取MBF的含量最高且絮凝效果最好.此外,所提取的MBF浓度与污泥浓度正相关.从剩余污泥中直接提取MBF,在降低MBF生产成本的同时实现了污泥的资源化利用.     

影响钝顶螺旋藻固碳的环境因子优化

为了提高钝顶螺旋藻生长过程中的固碳速率,从CO2浓度、温度和光周期3个主要环境因子进行优化。实验结果表明,钝顶螺旋藻在2 L三角瓶中培养时,最佳培养条件为10%CO2,温度30℃,光周期16/8。最佳培养条件下,钝顶螺旋藻对数生长期内比生长速率与固碳速率均达到峰值0.512 d-1和42.506 mg/(L.h)。此外,钝顶螺旋藻的底物消耗表明培养液中的N、P足量,其初始添加量可以满足藻体的生长需要;生长过程中补加10%CO2一方面补充钝顶螺旋藻可吸收碳源,另一方面有利于缓解培养液pH升高对藻生长的影响。     

亚甲基蓝在污泥活性炭上的吸附

以剩余污泥为原料,氯化锌为活化剂制备污泥活性炭。研究了初始pH值、吸附温度及离子强度对污泥活性炭吸附亚甲基蓝效果的影响。采用高分辨电子扫描电镜(SEM)和氮吸脱附曲线对污泥活性炭进行了表征。结果表明,随着pH值的升高,吸附量增大,碱性条件下最好。在15～55℃的范围内,亚甲基蓝的吸附量先增加后降低,温度为35℃时吸附量达到最大值。加入氯化钠后的污泥活性炭的吸附能力变弱,但随着离子强度的增大,变弱的强度减少。污泥活性炭以中孔为主和污泥活性炭具有不规则结构,预示着污泥活性炭较高的吸附能力。污泥活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合Lang-muir等温吸附方程。污泥壳活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附符合二级反应动力学方程反应特征。     

Black Disease (Terpios hoshinota): A Probable Cause for the Rapid Coral Mortality at the Northern Reef of Yongxing Island in the South China Sea

The northern reef of Yongxing Island, the largest reef island of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, was in good condition with significant cover of scleractinian corals until 2002. Surveys in 2008 and 2010, however, found that coral coverage had declined rapidly and severely, implying that catastrophic coral mortality occurred during the past 8 years. A blackish mat was observed covering live and dead corals in both 2008 and 2010 that was identified as an encrusting sponge, Terpios hoshinota, by special surface morphology and spicule structure. In addition, spicule residues were found on the surface of long-dead corals, indicating a previous invasion of T. hosinota. T. hoshinota is referred to as the "black disease" because it rapidly overgrows and kills corals. Our evidence indicates that outbreaks of black disease are at least partially responsible for the massive coral mortality at the northern reef of Yongxing Island over the past 8 years, although human activities and heat-related coral bleaching cannot be discounted as minor causes for this coral decline.     

含硫化氢油田地面工程设计实践与认识

文章分析了硫化氢(H2S)的危害,提出了含H2S油田地面工程设计思路。在长庆油田现有工艺流程的基础上,针对硫化氢的危害,通过采用地面工艺全流程密闭、选用抗硫工艺设备、管材等工艺技术,实现油田安全清洁生产,确保油田安全、高效开发。     

Potential flood hazard due to urban expansion in the karst mountainous region of North China

Since China’s economic reform in 1978, the cities of China have experienced rapid expansion and urbanization, thereby profoundly transforming the spatial pattern of urban land use in the karst regions, particularly in the urban mountainous area within city, and urbanization has had and continues to have a negative impact on urban mountain area in cities of China. With the rapid development of urbanization and civilization in these regions, environmental degradation has been increasingly serious, especially in the urban karst mountain area, thereby resulting in the destruction and breakage of urban hills that induce serious natural hazard, i.e., flood hazard.     

固定化对氯苯酚降解菌在生物流化床中的降解特性

为了获得固定化对氯苯酚降解菌在生物流化床中的降解特性,用海藻酸钠-壳聚糖-活性炭微胶囊对实验室保存的对氯苯酚降解菌株进行固定化,在生物流化床中用固定化菌株在不同单因素实验条件下降解对氯苯酚废水,用气相色谱仪测定废水中对氯苯酚的降解率.结果表明,固定化对氯苯酚降解菌株处理污水的适宜条件为:HRT为72 h,微胶囊接种体积...