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排序方式: 共有1115条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
641.
利用沉淀法制备了ZnO光催化剂,并将其负载在氧化石墨烯上,制得ZnO/氧化石墨烯复合材料,研究了该复合材料对亚硝酸钠的光催化降解效果。采用XRD和SEM技术对光催化剂进行表征。考察了初始亚硝酸钠质量浓度、溶液pH、ZnO/氧化石墨烯加入量对亚硝酸钠降解效果的影响。表征结果显示:ZnO/氧化石墨烯晶体的晶型发育良好、结晶度高;新生成的混晶结构提高了催化剂的光催化活性。实验结果表明:在初始亚硝酸钠质量浓度246 mg/L、溶液pH 5、ZnO/氧化石墨烯加入量1.0 g/L的条件下,经过150 min的紫外光降解,亚硝酸钠的质量浓度降至70 mg/L,亚硝酸钠的降解率为71.38%;ZnO与氧化石墨烯的协同效应有效提高了光催化反应体系的效率,ZnO/氧化石墨烯对亚硝酸钠的降解能力远高于氧化石墨烯和ZnO。 相似文献
642.
Yuan Wei Zhipeng Chen Fengchang Wu Hong Hou Jining Li Yuxian Shangguan Juan Zhang Fasheng Li Qingru Zeng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have great potential for assisting heavy metal hyperaccumulators in the remediation of contaminated soils. However, little information is available about the community composition of AMF under natural conditions in soils contaminated by antimony (Sb). The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of AMF molecular diversity, and to explore the effects of Sb content and soil properties on the AMF community structure in an Sb mining area. Four Sb mine spoils and one adjacent reference area were selected from around the Xikuangshan mine in southern China. The association of AMF molecular diversity and community composition with the rhizosphere soils of the dominant plant species was studied by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Results from all five studied sites showed that the diversity of AMF decreased with increasing Sb concentration. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that the AMF community structure was markedly different among these groups. Further redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that Sb contamination was the dominating factor influencing the AMF community structure in the Sb mine area. However, the multivariate analysis showed that, apart from the soil Sb content, extractable nitrogen content and organic matter content also attributed to AMF sequence distribution type. Some AMF sequences were only found in the highly contaminated area and these might be ideal candidates for improving phytoremediation efficiency in Sb mining regions. Gene sequencing analysis revealed that most species were affiliated with Glomus, suggesting that Glomus was the dominant AMF genus in the studied Sb mining area. 相似文献
643.
Coal combustion in the domestic stoves, which is common in most parts of the Chinese countryside, can release harmful substances into the air and cause health issues. In this study, particles emitted from laboratory stove combustion of the raw powder coals were analyzed for morphologies and chemical compositions by using transmission electron microscopy(TEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDX). The coal burning-derived individual particles were classified into two groups: carbonaceous particles(including soot aggregates and organic particles) and non-carbonaceous particles(including sulfate, mineral and metal particles). The non-carbonaceous particles, which constituted a majority of the coal burning-derived emissions, were subdivided into Si-rich, S-rich, K-rich,Ca-rich, and Fe-rich particles according to the elemental compositions. The Si-rich, S-rich and K-rich particles are commonly observed in the coal burning emission. The proportions for particles of different types exhibit obvious coal-issue dependence. Burning of coal with high ash yield could emit more non-carbonaceous particles, and burning of coal with high sulfur content can emit more S-rich particles. By comparing the S-rich particles from this coal burning experiment with those in the atmosphere, we draw a conclusion that some S-rich particles in the atmosphere in China could be mainly sourced from coal combustion. 相似文献
644.
645.
改性木屑对水中刚果红的吸附性能研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性木屑用于水中刚果红(CR)的去除进行了研究.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)对木屑和改性木屑的性能进行表征.探讨了反应时间、pH、温度、剂量以及离子强度对改性木屑去除CR的影响.实验结果表明,CTAB改性后的木屑对刚果红的吸附量明显增大,改性前后木屑的最大吸附量分别为30.30和111.36 mg·g-1.反应过程在前20 min内反应速率很快,并约在120 min内达到吸附平衡.吸附动力学符合伪二级动力学模型.最佳反应温度为328 K,吸附剂最适投加量为0.09 g,吸附量的大小与溶液的初始pH值有关,且增加盐浓度,改性木屑的吸附能力增加.吸附等温线符合Langmuir方程,且吸附过程为吸热反应. 相似文献
646.
The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has recently raised serious concern regarding their potential threat to aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this study, the magnetic ion exchange(MIEX) resin was applied for removing three commonly-used antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole(SMX), tetracycline(TCN) and amoxicillin(AMX) from water.The results of batch experiments show that the maximum adsorption capacities on the MIEX resin for SMX, TCN and AMX were 789.32, 443.18 and 155.15 μg/m L at 25°C,respectively, which were 2–7 times that for the powdered activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics of antibiotics on the MIEX resin could be simulated by the pseudo-second-order model(R~2= 0.99), and the adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model(R~2= 0.97). Solution p H exhibited a remarkable impact on the adsorption process and the absorbed concentrations of the tested antibiotics were obtained around the neutral p H.The MIEX resin could be easily regenerated by 2 mol/L Na Cl solution and maintained high adsorption removal for the tested antibiotics after regeneration. Anion exchange mechanism mainly controlled the adsorption of antibiotic and the formation of hydrogen binding between the antibiotic and resin can also result in the increase of adsorption capacity. The high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate and prominent reusability make the MIEX resin a potential adsorbent in the application for removing antibiotics from water. 相似文献
647.
环境因素对苏州河市区段底泥内源磷释放的影响 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
以苏州河市区段作为研究对象,利用实验模拟的方法,研究和探讨了环境因素(温度,pH,厌氧、好氧,微生物)对富含有机物的底泥内源磷释放的影响。结果表明:(1)在外界环境温度分别为5、10、15、25℃的条件下,底泥内源磷释放达到动态平衡时,上覆水中磷的含量分别为0.45、0.57、0.77、1.40mg/L,反映较低的环境温度不利于内源磷的释放;环境温度的升高,能够加速底泥磷的释放;(2)pH为5.0—8.0,底泥内源磷释放量较小;当pH升至11.0时,底泥的释磷量显著增加。(3)底泥中的有机物,在好氧状态下,能加速其内源磷的释放。(4)在微生物的作用下,底泥内源磷释放具有明显的增加趋势。 相似文献
648.
汞在腐殖酸影响下对浮游植物的毒性及其富集的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本实验研究受汞严重污染的蓟运河水体中,腐殖酸对汞抑制浮游植物生长及光合作用的影响、对汞富集的影响及不同组分腐殖酸影响的差异。实验证明,腐殖酸能降低汞对莱因衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardi)、斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)及布朗纤维藻(Ankistrodesmus braunii)生长的抑制。黄腐酸(FA)、棕腐酸(HA)及其混合液(FA/HA)的作用无显著差异。但在高汞浓度下(1ppm),HA及FA/HA的效果大于FA;FA及HA可降低汞对斜生栅藻光合作用的抑制,并能使光合较早得到恢复、腐殖酸能减少斜生栅藻对汞的富集。 相似文献
649.
650.