废催化剂浸出规律的动态模拟实验方法

利用小柱浸出实验装置对废催化剂中重金属的浸出规律进行了动态模拟研究。实验发现,在非饱和水条件下,重金属自废催化剂中浸出的浓度并没有随实验时间的增长而变化,重金属的浸出速率却随废物层饱水度的增加而显著增加,说明提高水分的入渗能够提高有害成分的浸出速率,实际上是提高了在害物质浸出的总量,因此,在危险废物填埋场中降低水分入渗可以减少有害物质的浸出。     

氧化铁细微粒子用于高温脱除硫化氢的研究

硫化氢是高温脱除是ＩＧＣＣ过程的关键技术之一。通过不同方法制得了各种粒径的氧化铁粒子,在此基础上进行了金属氧化物高温脱除硫化氢的穿透实验、随着粒径的减小,硫容逐渐增大,并且脱硫精度也有所提高。另外还考察了温度的影响,随着温度的升高,穿透时间变短,同其它金属氧化物相比,氧化铁也具有较高的硫容。     

pH及无机氮化合物对小浮萍生长的影响

利用浮萍科植物吸收转化污水中的无机氮磷正在成为水处理研究的热点.本研究以我国常见的小浮萍(Lemna minor L.)为研究对象,在完全培养液的基础上模拟生活污水的NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N浓度和pH范围,研究了培养条件对小浮萍生长的影响.结果表明,低pH对小浮萍的生长具有抑制作用,小浮萍对pH耐受的低限在5～6之间,在6～9的pH范围内,能够正常生长.水中非离子态的NH3和NH+4都会对小浮萍的生长产生抑制作用,前者的抑制作用更明显.在NN₄⁺-N为唯一氮源的条件下,非离子态的NH₃浓度大于0.2mg/L时就会对小浮萍的生长产生明显的抑制作用,大于2mg/L时,小浮萍基本上不能生长.NO₃^-在本研究的浓度范围内对小浮萍的生长没有影响,NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N浓度的增加可使小浮萍的鲜叶片的叶绿素含量增加,另外在相同氮的浓度下,由于生长受抑制,NH₄⁺-N中生长的小浮萍过氧化物酶活性高于NO₃^--N中的活性.     

基于生态环境安全的区域规划战略环评初探

围绕区域规划战略环评的地位、实施现状及主要存在问题,建立了基于生态环境安全的区域规划战略环评的指标体系,探讨了“环境库兹涅茨曲线”和“压力一状态一响应”的评价技术方法,对构筑产业生态链、强化不确定性分析、重视累积影响评价等方面提出了建议。     

Microbial diversity accumulates in a downstream direction in the Three Gorges Reservoir

Organic and inorganic materials migrate downstream and have important roles in regulating environmental health in the river networks. However, it remains unclear whether and how a mixture of materials (i.e., microbial species) from various upstream habitats contribute to microbial community coalescence upstream of a dam. Here we track the spatial variation in microbial abundance and diversity in the Three Gorges Reservoir based on quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing data. We further quantitatively assess the relative contributions of microbial species from mainstem, its tributaries, and the surrounding riverbank soils to the area immediately upstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD). We found an increase of microbial diversity and the convergent microbial distribution pattern in areas immediately upstream of TGD, suggesting this area become a new confluence for microbial diversity immigrating from upstream. Indeed, the number of shared species increased from upstream to TGD but unique species decreased, indicating immigration of various sources of microbial species overwhelms local environmental conditions in structuring microbial community close to TGD. By quantifying the sources of microbial species close to TGD, we found little contribution from soils as compared to tributaries, especially for sites closer to TGD, suggesting tributary microbes have greater influence on microbial diversity and environmental health in the Three Gorges Reservoir. Collectively, our results suggest that tracking microbial geographic origin and evaluating accumulating effects of microbial diversity shed light on the ecological processes in microbial communities and provide information for regulating aquatic ecological health.     

宁夏天然草场产量与气候因子关系及人工草地产量估算

本文利用了宁夏地区草场产量资料,分析了它与气候因子的关系,结果表明水分是制约产量变化的主导因子。又结合本区实际情况,将文献[1]计算苜蓿作物干物质产量经验系数(K=0.9)修正为1.2,而后计算了充分灌溉和靠天然降水条件下两类耕地的牧草最大产量,这些研究结果,为本区畜牧业生产建设和规划提供了科学依据。     

再生水在洗车利用中的暴露剂量研究

再生水暴露剂量确定是再生水洗车利用健康风险评价的前提和制定再生水水质标准的重要依据.本文研究了手工洗车和龙门式洗车机洗车过程中再生水对典型人群的暴露剂量特征.通过现场调研,确定了洗车现场的典型暴露人群及其暴露时间分布,其中手工洗车工人的清洗耗时和擦车耗时分别平均为4.8 min和8.4 min,龙门式洗车机工人的冲洗浮土耗时、洗车机清洗耗时和擦车耗时分别平均为1.5 min、2.5 min和8.0 min.利用重量法确定了洗车现场空气中的再生水水雾浓度分布(即空气含水量增加值),结果表明手工洗车的水雾浓度为2.0 mg·L-1,洗车机过程中冲洗浮土现场和龙门式洗车机清洗现场的浓度分别为1.3 mg·L-1和3.2 mg·L-1.根据典型暴露人群的呼吸速率,得出再生水的暴露剂量.结果表明,在各种典型人群中,手工洗车清洗工的再生水日暴露剂量最大,高达15.5 mL·d-1.     

各种金属氧化物高温脱硫性能比较

本文对各种金属氧化物（如Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＺｎＯ、ＣｕＯ、ＳｎＯ２、ＣａＯ、ＭｎＯ２）的高温脱硫性能进行了较系统的考察，对其硫容、脱硫精度等进行了分析，ＣｕＯ有较高的脱硫精度，而Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和ＭｎＯ２有较大的硫容，最后对脱硫剂的研究方向进行了探讨。     

微波加热再生废弃的净化石油化工废水活性炭

为了对石油化工废水净化处理后的废弃活性炭实现循环利用,提出了在无保护气体和活化气体条件下进行微波加热的方法。主要评估了再生温度和再生时间对再生活性炭的吸附性能和得率的影响。结果表明,在再生温度为600℃,再生时间为15 min时,活性炭的碘吸附能力达到最大值971 mg/g,得率为82.36%。再生活性炭比表面积高达1 028m2/g,总孔体积为1.23 m L/g,平均孔径为4.89 nm。通过废弃活性炭和再生活性炭进行了SEM对比分析,再生活性炭表面杂质减少,孔隙数量明显增多。     

Organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments and suspended particulate matters from the Yangtze estuary, China

Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in surface sediments (SS) ranged from 0.5 to 17.5 ng g⁻¹ and from 0.9 to 33.1 ng g⁻¹, averaged 6.0 and 8.2 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Total HCHs' and total DDTs' levels in suspended particulate matters (SPM) varied from 6.2 to 14.8 ng g⁻¹ with a mean value of 12.3 ng g⁻¹ and were from 3.4 to 25.7 ng g⁻¹ with an average of 16.4 ng g⁻¹, respectively. Lindane is the main HCHs' source and continuing use in the Yangtze Delta areas of ‘pure’ γ-HCH (lindane) rather than technical HCH (a mix of largely α- and some γ-HCH). DDTs in SS are mainly accumulated in history. However, high DDT fractions in SPM are indicators of new input of typical dicofol type DDT from 2002 to 2004. It can be seen that most samples from the Yangtze estuary were in ranges where adverse biological effects are expected, either occasionally or frequently.