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351.
Klaus Eisenack Rebecca Stecker Diana Reckien Esther Hoffmann 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(5):451-469
This paper identifies the literature that deals with adaptation to climate change in the transport sector. It presents a systematic
review of the adaptations suggested in the literature. Although it is frequently claimed that this socially and economically
important sector is particularly vulnerable to climate change, there is comparatively little research into its adaptation.
The 63 sources we found are analysed following an action framework of adaptation. This distinguishes different adaptational
functions and means of adaptation. By an open coding procedure, a total of 245 adaptations are found and classified. The paper
shows a broad diversity of interdependent actors to be relevant—ranging from transportation providers to public and private
actors and households. Crucial actors are hybrid in terms of being public or private. A substantial share of the identified
adaptations follows a top-down adaptation policy pattern where a public or hybrid operator initiates action that affects private
actors. Most of the exceptions from this pattern are technical or engineering measures. Identified adaptations mostly require
institutional means, followed by technical means, and knowledge. Generally, knowledge on adapting transport to climate change
is still in a stage of infancy. The existing literature either focuses on overly general adaptations, or on detailed technical
measures. Further research is needed on the actual implementation of adaptation, and on more precise institutional instruments
that fill the gap between too vague and too site-specific adaptations. 相似文献
352.
Deming Zhao Jie Cheng Michael R. Hoffmann 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(1):57-64
Aqueous solutions of phenol were oxidized by hydrogen peroxide assisted by microwave (MW) irradiation. A simple kinetic model
for the overall degradation of phenol in the presence of excess H2O2 is proposed in which the degradation rate of phenol is expressed as a linear function of the concentrations of phenol and
H2O2. A detailed parametric study showed that the degradation rate of phenol increased with increasing [H2O2] until saturation was observed. Phenol degradation followed apparent zero-order kinetics under MW radiation or H2O2 oxidation. However, after 90 min of irradiation, the observed kinetics shifted to pseudo first order. The overall reaction
rates were significantly enhanced in the combined MW/H2O2 system, mainly because microwave could accelerate H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radical (·OH) and other reactive oxygen intermediates. The observed synergetic effects of the MW/H2O2 process resulted in an increased in the net reaction rate by a factor of 5.75. When hydrogen peroxide is present in a large
stoichiometric excess, the time required to achieve complete mineralization is reduced significantly. 相似文献
353.
Müller Irene Althof Nadine Hoffmann Bernd Klaus Christine Schilling-Loeffler Katja Falkenhagen Alexander Johne Reimar 《Food and environmental virology》2023,15(1):32-42
Food and Environmental Virology - Infection with the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) can cause meningitis, meningoencephalitis and myelitis in humans. TBEV is an enveloped RNA virus of the... 相似文献
354.
Sophie M. E. Marsh Michael Hoffmann Neil D. Burgess Thomas M. Brooks Daniel W. S. Challender Patricia J. Cremona Craig Hilton-Taylor Flore Lafaye de Micheaux Gabriela Lichtenstein Dilys Roe Monika Böhm 《Conservation biology》2022,36(2):e13844
Unsustainable exploitation of wild species represents a serious threat to biodiversity and to the livelihoods of local communities and Indigenous peoples. However, managed, sustainable use has the potential to forestall extinctions, aid recovery, and meet human needs. We analyzed species-level data for 30,923 species from 13 taxonomic groups on the International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species to investigate patterns of intentional biological resource use. Forty percent of species (10,098 of 25,009 species from 10 data-sufficient taxonomic groups) were used. The main purposes of use were pets, display animals, horticulture, and human consumption. Intentional use is currently contributing to elevated extinction risk for 28–29% of threatened or near threatened (NT) species (2752–2848 of 9753 species). Intentional use also affected 16% of all species used (1597–1631 of 10,098). However, 72% of used species (7291 of 10,098) were least concern, of which nearly half (3469) also had stable or improving population trends. The remainder were not documented as threatened by biological resource use, including at least 172 threatened or NT species with stable or improving populations. About one-third of species that had use documented as a threat had no targeted species management actions to directly address this threat. To improve use-related red-list data, we suggest small amendments to the relevant classification schemes and required supporting documentation. Our findings on the prevalence of sustainable and unsustainable use, and variation across taxa, can inform international policy making, including the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, the Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. 相似文献