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排序方式: 共有173条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
61.
In this study, kinetics of photocatalytic degradation of phenolic wastewater in immobilized photocatalytic reactor was investigated. Immobilization of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano powders on concrete surfaces were accomplished with epoxy concrete sealer. Kinetics of photocatalytic reactions has been proposed to follow the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model in different initial phenol concentration, pH, and UV lamp intensity. First-order reaction kinetics with respect to the pollutant concentration was obtained for the reaction. Effect of UV lamp intensity showed that kinetic constants were proportional to the power of 0.73–1 of the photonic flow. In all cases kinetic constant increases as pH of the system reached up to 12 units. Several reaction intermediates were identified using the GC/Mass analysis. Products at the initial stage of the reaction were aromatic compounds, contained hydroquinone, benzoquinone, and catechol. These intermediates underwent further photocatalytic oxidation to aliphatic compounds and finally into CO2 and H2O after 4?h. Kinetic constants of intermediate compounds were determined using mathematical–chemical equations and nonlinear regression. Data showed that the differences between the mathematical model and Langmuir–Hinshelwood model for the kinetic constant was less than 5%. 相似文献
62.
Yousef Mohammadian Ali Akbar Saboor Yaraghi Hossein Kakooei Mohammad Hajaghazadeh 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(6):1037-1047
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have found numerous applications in various industries. Recently, adverse effects of these materials on human and animal cells in vitro have been reported. In the present study, the cytotoxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and chrysotile asbestos in human lung epithelial cells has been studied using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The cells were exposed for 6 h and 24 h to between 0.97 and 1500 μg mL?1 of CNTs and chrysotile fibers prepared in two culture media containing 5% serum and 0.5% dimethylsulfoxide. Dose–response curves were obtained to determine the nonobservable adverse effect concentration and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50). The way of dispersion affects the cytotoxicity of CNTs. For MWCNT, the toxicological indexes were lower than for SWCNT. Chrysotile fibers were even less cytotoxic than CNTs. Therefore, workplace control measures are recommended as priority for occupational and environmental conditions. 相似文献
63.
Shaheed Rawaa Mohammadian Abdolmajid Kheirkhah Gildeh Hossein 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2019,19(2):543-568
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Bends and confluences are often observed in rivers, and one of the phenomena that characterize flows in open channel bends and confluences is secondary current.... 相似文献
64.
65.
Rheological Investigation of Wood-Polypropylene Composites in Rotational Plate Rheometer 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ehsan Soury Amir Hossein Behravesh Ghaus M. Rizvi Nathan Jafarian Jam 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2012,20(4):998-1006
In this research work, the rheological properties of Wood-Plastic Composites (WPC) with some selected compositions are investigated. WPC is being recognized as a green composite that, in the past 20?years, has emerged to a commercial product. A study on rheological properties of these materials can give insight into the proper selection of composition and processing condition. Two grades of polypropylene (PP) with two different melt flow indexes (MFI) were selected to prepare WPCs with three different wood contents (50, 60 and 70?% wt.). Four types of rheological experiments were performed utilizing a rotational plate rheometer: (1) strain sweep, (2) frequency sweep, (3) temperature sweep and (4) steady shear rate sweep. The independent variables were chosen as wood content, MFI of polymer (two types), melt temperature, frequency or shear rate, the gap between the plates, and strain percentage. The strain sweep tests specified the linear and non-linear viscoelastic zones of each experiment. The results of frequency sweep experiments indicated that increasing the wood content and frequency and also decreasing the strain percentage and the gap distance, lead to an increase in the storage modulus. Regarding the loss modulus, wood percentage and the gap distance presented positive effects and strain percentage showed a negative effect. The behavior of complex viscosity was almost similar to that of the storage modulus but increasing the frequency caused a decrease in the complex viscosity. In case of temperature sweep experiments, it was observed that the rheological properties exhibit a rapid change near to a temperature of 160?°C. The results also showed that beyond this point, increasing the wood content and also MFI of polypropylene caused an increase in the storage modulus. The results of steady shear rate sweep experiments specified that increasing wood content and also decreasing the MFI of PP, the gap distance and shear rate lead to an increase in both viscosity and shear stress. 相似文献
66.
Ali Akbar Safari Sinegani Hossein Mirahamdi Araki 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2010,8(2):129-137
Sorption of metal ions by soil and clay minerals is a complex process involving different mechanisms, and controlled by different
variables that can interact. The aim of this work was to study the retention mechanisms of Pb ions on different soil samples.
Surface soils were sampled from Guilan and Hamadan provinces in north and northwest of Iran with temperate and semiarid climates.
The adsorption isotherms of Pb on the soils have been studied at 15, 27 and 37°C. The adsorption data for different soils
were fitted into Langmuir and Freundlich models. Temperate soil samples had higher clay content, cation exchange capacity,
dichromate (oxidable) organic carbon, total Kjeldahl-nitrogen, biological activity, amorphous and crystalline Fe and Al, but
semiarid soil samples had higher sand content, pH, equivalent calcium carbonate, available P and K. Lead adsorption data obtained
from semiarid soils against those obtained from temperate soils were better fitted in both Langmuir and Freundlich models.
Langmuir constants Q
0 for Pb adsorption in semiarid soils were considerably lower than those for Pb adsorption in temperate soils. However, the
binding energy (K
L) of Pb and Freundlich constant n were higher for data of semiarid soils. The effect of temperature on the Pb adsorption was positive especially in temperate
soils; however, soil properties had higher effects on Pb adsorption. 相似文献
67.
Eftekhari Mohammad Akrami Mehran Gheibi Mohammad Azizi-Toupkanloo Hossein Fathollahi-Fard Amir Mohammad Tian Guangdong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(35):43999-44021
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this paper, folic acid–coated graphene oxide nanocomposite (FA-GO) is used as an adsorbent for the treatment of heavy metals including... 相似文献
68.
69.
Hossein Kamani Mohammad Hoseini Gholam Hossein Safari Jalil Jaafari Amir Hossein Mahvi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(8):5059-5067
In this study, measurements of the trace metals Zn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, Fe and Al were performed on 53 wet atmospheric precipitation samples (snow and rainwater) collected at a central site of Tehran. Samples were collected using a bulk sampler equipped with a high-density polyethylene funnel from November to May in 2011 and 2012 on the roof of a building in the city centre. Trace metals in the filtered samples were measured with ICP-MS. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that Al, which is principally a crustal-derived element, was the highest mean measured concentration. The pH ranged from 4.2 to 7.1 with a mean value of 5.1. Crustal enrichment factors (EFc) related to the relative abundance of elements in crustal material was calculated using Al as reference crustal. EFc calculations indicated that samples were not enriched with Fe and Cr but were, fairly to extremely, enriched with Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cu. Factor component analysis with varimax-normalized rotation was conducted to find the probable sources of the measured species. This resulted in two factors with eigenvalues greater than unity. Factor 1 showed an anthropogenic source, mostly industrial combustion and local traffic emissions, for Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, and Cu while factor 2 showed a crustal contribution for Al, Fe and Cr. 相似文献
70.
Hossein Tavallali Fazlollah Boustani Mozhdeh Yazdandoust Mehdi Aalaei Mahboobeh Tabandeh 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(5):4273-4279
A new complexing agent, 2-((2-((1H-benzo[d]imidazole-2yl)methoxy)phenoxy)methyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (BIMPI), was used in cloud point extraction and applied for selective pre-concentration of trace amounts of cadmium in cigarette samples. Cadmium was complexed with BIMPI in a buffer solution (pH?=?10) using Triton X-114 as surfactant and quantitatively extracted into a small volume of the surfactant-rich phase after centrifugation. Under optimized conditions (pH?=?10.0, 0.8?×?10?4?mol?L?1 BIMPI and 0.08 % (w/v) Triton X-114), calibration graph was linear in the range of 34.0–1,670.0 μg?L?1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of Cd in various cigarette (tobacco) samples which gave satisfactory results. 相似文献