文明转型与价值重铸--可持续发展的人道主义思考

本文通过对人道主义思想和可持续发展理念的剖析,阐述了可持续发展理念的内涵和实质对人道主义思想精神内核的质疑,指出现代工业文明价值指针的片面所在,提出随着经济发展和社会进步,人类应该重新审视自然与人的关系,践行“协调”与“和谐”的人地共生论;应该重新审视自然的宽泛价值,认识“非资源”的非经济价值,从而实现文明取向和价值评判上的转型与重铸,以使可持续发展真正得以良性持续。     

过滤捕集法处理含DEP雾废气的研究

为了探讨玻璃纤维过滤器处理含DEP雾废气的效率问题,在实验室进行了DEP雾去除实验。考查了不同气体入口浓度、过滤流速下玻璃纤维过滤捕集装置对含DEP雾废气的净化能力,结果表明:利用玻璃纤维过滤器去除DEP雾,在DEP雾粒径主要分布为0.48～3.4μm之间,DEP雾浓度小于220 mg/m3,过滤流速小于10 cm/s情况下,玻璃纤维过滤器对DEP雾的去除率大于99%,最大气体流量下的压力降小于1610Pa;同时对含油(酸)雾废气除雾效果好,特别是对于粒径特别细微的油(酸)雾,捕集效率也很高,还可回收利用,不会产生二次污染。     

高浓度氨氮废水好氧反硝化反应的基本条件

文章通过室内实验,对高浓度氨氮废水(垃圾渗滤液)间歇曝气,在只存在有机碳、无机氮的条件下进行好氧反硝化脱氮研究。实验结果表明:垃圾渗滤液中存在好氧反硝化土著微生物菌落;发生好氧反硝化的基本条件为在溶解氧充足的条件下间歇曝气;碳源不仅是厌氧反硝化所必须的,同样也是好氧反硝化的必要条件。     

自养型锰氧化菌的选育及除锰效果研究

自养型生物除锰滤池可以有效地去除地下水中的锰,为了获取接种该滤池的菌种并探究其除锰效果,利用改良的JFM培养基对曝气池中的活性污泥进行驯化培养,筛选出了除锰率在90%以上的高效自养型锰氧化菌。通过平板培养和革兰氏染色,得到3种不同的菌落且均为阴性菌,16S rDNA基因组测序发现5种不同的科属。菌液经过2个周期的传代培养,探究其除锰效果,最高除锰率达到了98%。     

A spatial model approach for assessing windbreak growth and carbon stocks

Agroforestry, the deliberate integration of trees into agricultural operations, sequesters carbon (C) while providing valuable services on agricultural lands. However, methods to quantify present and projected C stocks in these open-grown woody systems are limited. As an initial step to address C accounting in agroforestry systems, a spatial Markov random field model for predicting the natural logarithm (log) of the mean aboveground volume of green ash ( Marsh.) within a shelterbelt, referred to as the log of aboveground volume, was developed using data from an earlier study and web-available soil and climate information. Windbreak characteristics, site, and climate variables were used to model the large-scale trend of the log of aboveground volume. The residuals from this initial model were correlated among sites up to 24 km from a point of interest. Therefore, a spatial dependence parameter was used to incorporate information from sites within 24 km into the prediction of the log of the aboveground volume. Age is an important windbreak characteristic in the model. Thus, the log of aboveground volume can be predicted for a given windbreak age and for values of other explanatory variables associated with a site of interest. Such predictions can be exponentiated to obtain predictions of aboveground volume for windbreaks without repeated inventory. With the capability of quantifying uncertainty, the model has the potential for large regional planning efforts and C stock assessments for many deciduous tree species used in windbreaks and riparian buffers once it is calibrated.     

在环境保护中开展环境审计的重要作用

工业革命把人类推向工业文明,工业文明刺激人类对资源的无限需求,创造出大量消耗资源、严重污染环境的生产方式,产生了大量的环境污染和生态危机。于是,提高环境质量、开展环境保护、保证经济发展的可持续性的呼声越来越高。环境审计作为环境保护的一种有力工具,在当代经济活动中会越来越发挥其重要作用。本文就环境审计的有关问题作一阐述,以其推动环境审计在我国的发展。     

城市环境水文问题分析

城市化对水环境污染是一个具有普遍性和严重性的问题.城市水环境污染分为点污染和面污染两类.本文针对城市降雨径流污染(城市面源污染)作了系统分析.其内容包括城市化对降雨径流的影响,城市面污染的积累和暴雨径流的冲刷,以及推求城市暴雨径流污染负荷过程的模拟途径.     

家居室内设计及新进展的思考

在对传统室内设计基本观点阐述与理解的基础上分析其整体性、可持续发展,并着重探讨在物质文明和精神文明高度发展的今天,现代室内设计在个性化、自然性、现代性、艺术性等方面发展的新趋势.通过对现代室内设计特点和发展趋势的分析,创造出一个适合人们现代生活的理想空间.     

Development of appropriate technologies: A possible way forward for environmental protection of developing countries like China

Summary To solve environmental problems a vast amount of manpower, material and financial resources has been spent. Some people consider that this is necessary, and a reasonable price which human beings must pay for development, especially industrialisation. Maybe it is true. But can people solve the environmental problems of developing countries better when they have learned the experiences and lessons of developed countries? One possible way is proposed in this paper, which makes a special reference to the real situation in China. The fundamental idea is to develop and apply appropriate technologies in the phase of national industrialisation. This will help developing countries to achieve desired environmental effects more economically. The appropriate technologies mentioned in the paper are of two kinds: appropriate industrial production technologies and appropriate environmental technologies. The development of the former will help to reduce environmental pollution and other problems caused by industrialisation. The development of the latter will enable developing countries to keep an acceptable environmental quality within a controlled cost. In the paper the definition of appropriate technologies is clarified, and the criteria for the selection and evaluation of appropriate technologies are proposed. The possibility of a realisation of developing the economy and protecting the environment at same time is then analysed. The conclusion is that development and application of appropriate technologies is an optimal strategy when the real conditions of developing countries like China are considered. Finally, some of the initial appropriate environmental technologies which should be developed are suggested.Professor Ranjie Hou has recently been working as a Research Fellow at the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation in Karlsrube University, Federal Republic of Germany.