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212.
在一些特殊的河段或地形条件下,渗渠取水在供水安全保障方面发挥着重要作用。运用内梅罗污染指数法对海浪河某傍河型渗渠水源地附近的河水水质、渗渠运行期间的渗渠水水质,以及渗渠停用后渗渠周围地下水水质进行了对比分析,结果表明,渗渠运行期间河水的水质综合评分在1~2之间(Ⅱ类水),同期的渗渠水水质综合评分在0.5左右(Ⅰ类水),在渗渠停用后周围地下水水质综合评分在2左右(Ⅲ类水);可见,渗渠水质优于河水。因此,在适宜地段合理布设渗渠,可进一步保障供水安全。 相似文献
213.
本文对国外3种名烟、国内畅销47种烟及新疆7种烟进行研究。结果表明:香烟中~(210)Po和~(210)Pb平衡系数为0.801;烟雾中~(210)Po和~(210)Pb比值为1.15,表明烟雾中~(210)Po量比~(210)Pb多;主流烟雾中~(210)Po占整支烟~(210)Po量的12.93%,而~(210)Pb占8.17%;烟咀阻留~(210)Po效率为(52.0±10.7)%,阻留~(210)Pb效率为(58.3±7.2)%;估算了每日吸一盒烟的人,20年肺和支气管剂量当量,约1.38 ×10~(-2)S_v。 相似文献
214.
Hao Zhang Wenhui Mu Zhiguang Hou Xian Wu Weiwei Zhao Xianghui Zhang 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):153-160
By enrichment culturing of the sludge collected from the industrial wastewater treatment pond, we isolated a highly efficient nicosulfuron degrading bacterium Serratia marcescens N80. In liquid medium, Serratia marcescens N80 grows using nicosulfuron as the sole nitrogen source, and the optimal temperature, pH values, and inoculation for degradation are 30–35°C, 6.0–7.0, and 3.0% (v/v), respectively. With the initial concentration of 10 mg L?1, the degradation rate is 93.6% in 96 hours; as the initial concentrations are higher than 10 mg L?1, the biodegradation rates decrease as the nicosulfuron concentrations increase; when the concentration is 400 mg L?1, the degradation rate is only 53.1%. Degradation follows the pesticide degradation kinetic equation at concentrations between 5 mg L?1 and 50 mg L?1. Identification of the metabolites by the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) indicates that the degradation of nicosulfuron is achieved by breaking the sulfonylurea bridge. The strain N80 also degraded some other sulfonylurea herbicides, including ethametsulfuron, tribenuron-methyl, metsulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl,and rimsulfuron. 相似文献
215.
Jin Ma Li-bo Pan Qin Wang Chun-ye Lin Xiao-li Duan Hong Hou 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(1):295-301
A total of 60 children (31 males and 29 females) between the ages of 3 and 12 years were randomly selected from Lanzhou City in Gansu Province, northwest China. Hand (soil/dust) SD samples from these children were collected using hand wipes. We determined the approximate amounts of hand SD and the concentrations of three tracer soil elements (Ce, Y, and V) in these samples. The approximate amounts of hand SD ranged from 42.28 to 173.76 mg, with a median value of 85.42 mg. In addition, the mean amounts of hand SD estimated using the concentrations of Ce, Y, and V in the samples were 4.63, 3.43, and 3.42 mg, respectively. The amount of hand SD varied greatly among the age groups: primary school children had more hand SD than kindergarten children, males had more hand SD than females, and children from rural areas had more hand SD than those from urban areas. The rates of daily ingestion of hand SD for kindergarten and primary school children were estimated to be 7.73 and 6.61 mg/day, respectively. 相似文献
216.
亚硝酸在冰晶中存在以下平衡:NO2(-→)H+HONO(→)H+H2ONO+(→)H2O+NO+,导致冰晶中的亚硝酸以4种形式的N(Ⅲ):NM2-,HONO,H2ONO2+和NO+存在.实验发现,四种N(Ⅲ)在冰晶中分数与pH值有很大关系:pH>3,主要以NO2-和HONO形式存在;pH<3,主要以HONO,H2ONO+和NO+形式存在.冰晶中的N(Ⅲ)借助以上平衡不断产生HONO并释放到大气中,导致冰晶中N(Ⅲ)不断损失.实验还发现,冰晶中N(Ⅲ)损失率随pH值的升高先升高后下降,随N(Ⅲ)初始浓度升高而升高.紫外光能使冰晶中N(Ⅲ)发生光解,但光解速率很慢,加入·OH猝灭剂也不能提高冰晶中N(Ⅲ)的光解率. 相似文献
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An early warning and control system for urban, drinking water quality protection: China’s experience
Dibo Hou Xiaoxuan Song Guangxin Zhang Hongjian Zhang Hugo Loaiciga 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4496-4508
An event-driven, urban, drinking water quality early warning and control system (DEWS) is proposed to cope with China’s urgent need for protecting its urban drinking water. The DEWS has a web service structure and provides users with water quality monitoring functions, water quality early warning functions, and water quality accident decision-making functions. The DEWS functionality is guided by the principles of control theory and risk assessment as applied to the feedback control of urban water supply systems. The DEWS has been deployed in several large Chinese cities and found to perform well insofar as water quality early warning and emergency decision-making is concerned. This paper describes a DEWS for urban water quality protection that has been developed in China. 相似文献
220.