强电磁脉冲环境下计算机设备的防护

探讨了强电磁脉冲对计算机设备的损伤机理和破坏作用,介绍了国内外在强电磁脉冲防护领域的研究发展状况,对计算机脉冲防护技术和措施做了详尽的介绍.结合国内外研究现状和发展趋势,建议加强相关领域的研究,并指出今后的研究方向,以提高强电磁脉冲环境下计算机设备的生存能力.     

溴代甲烷在253.7nm条件下的光氧化机理及其对臭氧光解损耗影响的动力学

本文研究了在２５３．７ｎｍ的紫外光照条件下,ＣＨ３Ｂｒ,ＣＨ２Ｂｒ２以及ＣＨ３Ｂｒ＋Ｏ２／Ｏ３物ＣＨ２Ｂｒ３＋Ｏ２／Ｏ３等体系的光化学反应过程,通过ＦＴＩＲ以及ＵＶ－Ｖｉｓ对产物进行了分析。并提出反应机理予以解释。     

Vegetation dynamics during different abandoned year spans in the land of the Loess Plateau of China

In this semi-arid area, many studies focused on the two-phase vegetation pattern were carried out to explore a changing vegetation trajectory on degraded land. However, this study conducted an analysis of a two-phase vegetation pattern and explored the successional vegetation trajectories in a positive succession without disturbance. In this work, 60 randomly distributed plots (1?×?1 m) were invested on four abandoned land areas (4-, 12-, 22-, and 50-year abandoned land) to determine attributes of vegetation, and soil physical and nutritional properties. It was found that vegetation distribution development went from homogeneous on 4-year abandoned land to heterogeneous on 50-year abandoned land, with a positive succession. Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in soil physical and nutritional properties for the inside and outside of vegetation patches. Vegetation patches can supply better soil physical and nutritional properties for vegetation than bare patches along the abandoned time. Vegetation diversity changes without a regular trend which may be due to the effect of environment and interspecies competition. This work picked up the slack for vegetation patterns succession research and provided a quantitative analysis approach.     

Using a neural network approach and time series data from an international monitoring station in the Yellow Sea for modeling marine ecosystems

The international marine ecological safety monitoring demonstration station in the Yellow Sea was developed as a collaborative project between China and Russia. It is a nonprofit technical workstation designed as a facility for marine scientific research for public welfare. By undertaking long-term monitoring of the marine environment and automatic data collection, this station will provide valuable information for marine ecological protection and disaster prevention and reduction. The results of some initial research by scientists at the research station into predictive modeling of marine ecological environments and early warning are described in this paper. Marine ecological processes are influenced by many factors including hydrological and meteorological conditions, biological factors, and human activities. Consequently, it is very difficult to incorporate all these influences and their interactions in a deterministic or analysis model. A prediction model integrating a time series prediction approach with neural network nonlinear modeling is proposed for marine ecological parameters. The model explores the natural fluctuations in marine ecological parameters by learning from the latest observed data automatically, and then predicting future values of the parameter. The model is updated in a “rolling” fashion with new observed data from the monitoring station. Prediction experiments results showed that the neural network prediction model based on time series data is effective for marine ecological prediction and can be used for the development of early warning systems.     

The temporal changes in road stormwater runoff quality and the implications to first flush control in Chongqing, China

This study investigates the quality of stormwater runoff from a driveway in the southwest mountainous urban area of Chongqing, China, from 2010 to 2011. The results showed that the mean concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) were 4.1, 2.4, and 2.2 times the grade V levels of the national surface water standard of China. The pollutant concentration peak preceded or synchronized with the rainfall intensity peak and occurred 10 min after the runoff started. The significant high pollutant concentration in the initial stage of the rainfall suggested that first flush control is necessary, especially for the most polluted constitutes, such as total suspended solids, COD, and TN. Three potential pollution sources were identified: the atmospheric dry and wet deposition (TN, NO₃ ^?-N, NH₄ ⁺-N, and DCu), the road sediment and materials (total suspended solids, COD, and TP), and the vehicle emissions (DPb and DZn). Therefore, this study indicates that reductions in road sediments and material pollution and dry and wet deposition should be the priority factors for pollution control of road stormwater runoff in mountainous urban areas.     

地震灾区分级和灾害程度排序方法研究——以汶川8.0级地震为例

根据汶川8.0级地震震害评估工作的具体实践,探讨了地震灾区分级和灾害程度排序的方法。通过房屋震害系数、强震加速度观测记录、发震构造、地震地质灾害和场地条件、人口分布及伤亡情况等影响因素来确定受灾程度,以烈度区、统计学方法、速报灾情等来确定灾区分级。     

2008年中国大陆地震灾害损失述评

在列出2008年中国5级以上地震目录的基础上,结合有关省(自治区、直辖市)地震局的地震灾害评估资料,总结出2008年中国大陆地震灾害的主要数据和特性。最后对1990-2008年中国大陆地震灾害的相应数据进行了简要的比较分析。     

皂土对CuSO_4的吸附性能研究

研究了皂土对CuSO_4的吸附性能,考察了溶液初始pH、无机电解质NaCl、MgCl_2和AlCl_3及乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和柠檬酸等因素对皂土吸附量的影响。实验结果表明:皂土对CuSO_4有很强的吸附能力;其吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线分别符合准二级反应速率方程和Langmuir方程;饱和吸附量达29.85 mg/g;随溶液初始pH增大,吸附量增大;无机电解质NaCl、MgCl_2和AlCl_3以及EDTA和柠檬酸均可以抑制CuSO_4在皂土上的吸附。     

污泥调理剂的研究进展

介绍了复合型污泥脱水调理剂的研发进展,着重讨论了不同类型污泥调理剂的复配使用方法,指出使用复合型调理剂或复配调理剂可提高污泥脱水性能,并探讨了污泥处理与处置一体化的可能性.     

酸析与超声波-超重力-臭氧氧化法联合预处理二硝基甲苯废水

将二硝基甲苯废水(简称废水)酸析后进行超声波-超重力-臭氧氧化处理,考察了酸的种类及废水pH对酸析效果的影响.实验结果表明:加入质量分数98％的H2SO4溶液调节废水pH为1.0时,酸析效果较好,酸析后废水COD去除率为38.50％,硝基化合物的去除率为45.26％,酸析析出物为一硝基甲苯磺酸;酸析后废水经超声波-超重...