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861.
灰色聚类法在水环境质量评价中的应用 总被引:29,自引:0,他引:29
本文提出运用灰色聚类法评价水质的新方法,并用该方法对某水库水质进行了评价,最后与模糊数学方法作了比较。结果证明,灰色聚类法不仅具有模糊数学的优点,又补充了其不完善之处,用灰色聚类法评价水质,比较符合实际状况. 相似文献
862.
863.
864.
石羊河流域生态环境的变迁与水资源利用对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对石羊河流域水资源开发利用中存在的问题提出新观点,认为:①人们以往只注意强化地表水控制,削弱了天然地下水库的调节作用;②只注意农田用水,忽视了绿洲生态用水;⑧目前采用的落后灌溉方式造成水资源的严重浪费。针对这些问题,本文提出石羊河流域水资源管理综合决策方案,建立多目标管理决策模型,把该流域划分为16个管理亚区,以绿洲农田生态系统和植被生态系统的需水量为决策变量,对经济发展、开发水资源投资、生态环填改善等方面的9个目标作综合考虑。通过模型的模拟运转,展示了该流域生态环境日趋恶化的状况可以得到有效的控制。 相似文献
865.
采用膜分离—变压吸附耦合工艺处理DQ催化剂载体生产过程产生的高浓度挥发性有机物(VOCs)废气。实验结果表明:在进气正己烷和非甲烷总烃的质量浓度分别为95 000~212 000 mg/m3和100 000 ~220 000 mg/m3、渗余侧压力0.25 MPa、渗透侧真空度0.09 MPa、进气流量15 Nm³/h的条件下,膜分离单元对废气中正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均去除率分别为97.88%和97.29%;变压吸附单元对正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均去除率分别为99.35%和99.33%;整套装置对正己烷及非甲烷总烃的平均总去除率分别为99.99%和99.98%。平均正己烷回收率达95.56%。处理后废气中非甲烷总烃质量浓度小于70 mg/ m3,达到北京市DB 11/ 447—2007 《炼油与石油化学工业大气污染物排放标准》的一级指标。 相似文献
866.
M. T. Heitzmann M. Veidt C. T. Ng B. Lindenberger M. Hou R. Truss C. K. Liew 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(2):366-374
A single-plant biobased composite material was prepared from fibre and matrix constituents produced from the castor plant, ricinus communis. It is shown that the mechanical properties of the castor plant fibres are comparable to those of other bast fibres and that the stiffness and strength characteristics of the castor fibre/polyamide 11 biocomposite compare well with those of other natural fibre composites. By using a biobased thermoplastic matrix material the reliance on non-renewable feedstock sources is reduced and end-of-lifetime recyclability is improved. The analysis of the environmental performance of the new castor plant composite suggests that the biobased material has great potential as a sustainable alternative replacing glass fibre-reinforced plastics. 相似文献
867.
868.
Seasonal variations of CH(4) and N(2)O emissions in response to water management of paddy fields located in Southeast China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Water management is one of the most important practices that affect methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from paddy fields. A field experiment was designed to study the effects of controlled irrigation (CI) on CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields, with traditional irrigation (TI) as the control. The effects of CI on CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields were very clear. The peaks of CH4 emissions from the CI paddies were observed 1-2 d after the water layer disappeared. Afterward, the emissions reduced rapidly and remained low until the soil was re-flooded. A slight increase of CH4 emission was observed in a short period after re-flooding. N2O emissions peaks from CI paddies were all observed 8-10 d after the fertilization at the WFPS ranging from 78.1% to 85.3%. Soil drying caused substantial N2O emissions, whereas no substantial N2O emissions were observed when the soil was re-wetted after the dry phase. Compared with TI, the cumulative CH4 emissions from the CI fields were reduced by 81.8% on the average, whereas the cumulative N2O emissions were increased by 135.4% on the average. The integrative global warming potential of CH4 and N2O on a 100-year horizon decreased by 27.3% in the CI paddy fields, whereas no significant difference in the rice yield was observed between the CI and TI fields. These results suggest that CI can effectively mitigate the integrative greenhouse effect caused by CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy fields while ensuring the rice yield. 相似文献
869.
Long Zhao Hong Hou Ayuko Fujii Masaaki Hosomi Fasheng Li 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7457-7465
This research investigated the 1,4-dioxane (1,4-D) degradation efficiency and rate during persulfate oxidation at different temperatures, with and without Fe2+ addition, also considering the effect of pH and persulfate concentration on the oxidation of 1,4-D. Degradation pathways for 1,4-D have also been proposed based on the decomposition intermediates and by-products. The results indicate that 1,4-D was completely degraded with heat-activated persulfate oxidation within 3–80 h. The kinetics of the 1,4-D degradation process fitted well to a pseudo-first-order reaction model. Temperature was identified as the most important factor influencing the 1,4-D degradation rate during the oxidation process. As the temperature increased from 40 to 60 °C, the degradation rate improved significantly. At 40 °C, the addition of Fe2+ also increased the 1,4-D degradation rate. Interestingly, at 50 and 60 °C, the 1,4-D degradation rate decreased slightly with the addition of Fe2+. This reduced degradation rate may be attributed to the rapid conversion of Fe2+ to Fe3+ and the production of an Fe(OH)3 precipitate which limited the ultimate oxidizing capability of persulfate with Fe2+ under higher temperatures. Higher persulfate concentrations led to higher 1,4-D degradation rates, but pH adjustment had no significant effect on the 1,4-D degradation rate. The identification of intermediates and by-products in the aqueous and gas phases showed that acetaldehyde, acetic acid, glycolaldehyde, glycolic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen ion were generated during the persulfate oxidation process. A carbon balance analysis showed that 96 and 93 % of the carbon from the 1,4-D degradation were recovered as by-products with and without Fe2+ addition, respectively. Overall, persulfate oxidation of 1,4-D is promising as an economical and highly efficient technology for treatment of 1,4-D-contaminated water. 相似文献
870.
Hou Wang Xingzhong Yuan Guangming Zeng Lijian Leng Xin Peng Kailingli Liao Lijuan Peng Zhihua Xiao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(19):11552-11564
Natural adsorbent (Cinnamomum camphora sawdust) modified by organic acid (oxalic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid) was investigated as a potential adsorbent for the removal of hazardous malachite green (MG) dye in aqueous media in a batch process. The extent of MG adsorption onto modified sawdust increased with increasing organic acid concentrations, pH, contact time, and temperature but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage and ionic strength. Kinetic study indicated that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model could best describe the adsorption kinetics of MG. Equilibrium data were found to fit well with the Langmuir model, and the maximum adsorption capacity of the three kinds of organic acid-modified sawdust was 280.3, 222.8, and 157.5 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters suggested that the sorption of MG was an endothermic process. The adsorption mechanism, the application of adsorbents in practical wastewater, the prediction of single-stage batch adsorption system, and the disposal of depleted adsorbents were also discussed. 相似文献