长江口潮滩含氯有机物的分布及与TOC、粒度的相关性

对长江口潮滩表层沉积物中的含氯有机物进行GC—ECD测试。结果表明,含氯有机物总量在1.159～54.957ng/g之间,平均值为11.204ng/g,其中多氯联苯(PCBs)含量<有机氯农药(OCPs)含量。含量高低分布随采样点位置变化显著,排污口附近出现最大值,离排污口越远,含量越低,总体显示出在近河口区含量远高于沿岸区。同时,PCBs和OCPs相关性分析结果表明,它们很可能具有相似的分布机制和输入来源。另外,长江口潮滩表层沉积物中含氯有机物的含量与TOC、粒度的相关性很低(r2<0.05),显示了研究区的特殊性和复杂性。     

BP网络模型在朝阳地区大气污染预报中的应用

目前,人工神经网络理论发展迅速,并在模式识别和系统辨识中得到广泛应用。而其中采用误差反向传播方法(Back Error Propagation)的BP网络模型是目前应用最为广泛的神经网络模型之一,它是一种简单而又非常有效的算法。本文应用人工神经网络方法,在模拟人脑的思维方式下,建立了大气污染物浓度的神经网络预报模型,并将计算结果与监测值进行了对比验证,计算结果表明,BP模型应用于大气污染物浓度预报具有较高的预报精度。     

Hydroxyl carboxylate based non-phosphorus corrosion inhibition process for reclaimed water pipeline and downstream recirculating cooling water system

A combined process was developed to inhibit the corrosion both in the pipeline of reclaimed water supplies (PRWS) and in downstream recirculating cooling water systems (RCWS) using the reclaimed water as makeup. Hydroxyl carboxylate-based corrosion inhibitors (e.g., gluconate, citrate, tartrate) and zinc sulfate heptahydrate, which provided Zn^2 + as a synergistic corrosion inhibition additive, were added prior to the PRWS when the phosphate (which could be utilized as a corrosion inhibitor) content in the reclaimed water was below 1.7 mg/L, and no additional corrosion inhibitors were required for the downstream RCWS. Satisfactory corrosion inhibition was achieved even if the RCWS was operated under the condition of high numbers of concentration cycles. The corrosion inhibition requirement was also met by the appropriate combination of PO₄^3 − and Zn^2 + when the phosphate content in the reclaimed water was more than 1.7 mg/L. The process integrated not only water reclamation and reuse, and the operation of a highly concentrated RCWS, but also the comprehensive utilization of phosphate in reclaimed water and the application of non-phosphorus corrosion inhibitors. The proposed process reduced the operating cost of the PRWS and the RCWS, and lowered the environmental hazard caused by the excessive discharge of phosphate. Furthermore, larger amounts of water resources could be conserved as a result.     

In situ nitrogen removal processes in intertidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary

Estuarine and intertidal wetlands are important sites for nitrogen transformation and elimination. However, the factors controlling nitrogen removal processes remain largely uncertain in the highly dynamic environments. In this study, continuous-flow experiment combined with ¹⁵N isotope pairing technique was used to investigate in situ rates of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and their coupling with nitrification in intertidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. The measured rates varied from below the detection limit to 152.39 µmol N/(m²·hr) for denitrification and from below the detection limit to 43.06 µmol N/(m²·hr) for anammox. The coupling links of nitrogen removal processes with nitrification were mainly dependent on nitrate, organic carbon, sulfide, dissolved oxygen and ferric iron in the estuarine and intertidal wetlands. Additionally, it was estimated that the actual nitrogen removal processes annually removed approximately 5% of the terrigenous inorganic nitrogen discharged into the Yangtze Estuary. This study gives new insights into nitrogen transformation and fate in the estuarine and intertidal wetlands.     

电厂冷却系统对梭幼鱼和对虾仔虾卷载效应的初步探讨

根据青岛电厂运行观测和模拟实验，分析了卷载效应中机械损伤和高温冲击对梭幼鱼和对虾仔虾的危害。研究表明，电厂冷却系统内流速≥２．０ｍ／ｓ，滤网孔径８ｍｍ时，对体长７－１７ｍｍ和２０－３４ｍｍ仔虾的致死率分别为２８．３％－５５．３％和２８．６％－６６．９％；对体长２０－４０ｍｍ梭幼鱼的致死率为６３．４％－７８．８％。卷载致死率与生物的密度、体长及形态特征有关。模拟实验结果为：０．９－１．０５ｍ／ｓ的流     

有机废弃物氢发酵制备生物氢气的研究

在批式培养实验中以有机废弃物为原料,通过厌氧生物发酵制备生物氢气研究了菌种来源、有机废弃物种类对产氢能力的影响,以及生物氢发酵过程中液相组成的变化以活性污泥为菌种来源,以淀粉为底物,在30L改进的UASB反应器中进行了放大实验,生物气中氢气浓度达40%～51%,CO₂浓度为49%～60%,且没有检测到甲烷气体,生物气经碱液吸收后氢气纯度大于97%持续产氢时间超过120d.     

河流中BOD-DO动态的数学模拟方法

本文讨论了河流中BOD—DO动态的数学模拟方法,并将该方法应用于图们江,利用在图们江上取得的实测数据建立了江中BOD—DO动态的数学模型。在所得到的模型中,耗氧系数κ_1,复氧系数κ_2,BOD沉淀-再悬浮系数κ_3被表达为流量与水温的函数。表达式中的参数通过系统识别与参数估计方法确定,因此能较好地反映河流的地理环境特点。特别是κ_3的表达式,它以流量为自变量,用一个单一的解析函数同时描述了江中的沉淀与再悬浮现象,具有独创性。 本文所提出的BOD—DO动态模型可以做为图们江水质规划与管理的基础。     

大骨节病病情下降与环境因素的定位研究

１９８７年４月－１９８９年９月对内蒙三个大骨节病村进行了随诊观察，结果表明，大骨节病病情逐年下降，人体硒营养水平相应提高，病情与硒营养水平之间呈显负相关，每日由外源性食物中摄取的硒与病情呈显负相关，而由当地产粮，菜中摄取的硒与情呈显正相关。由肉蛋类食物中摄取与病情呈显负相关，生态环境中的硒基本无变化，增加外源性高硒食物输入病区和改变病区食物构成是控制硒反应性疾病的主要途径。     

含溴自由基对臭氧光解损耗的影响

本文研究了２５３．７ｎｍ的紫外光照条件下臭氧的损耗,以及在有Ｎ２和Ｏ２的体系中臭氧损耗的状况,得到不同条件下氧损耗的量子产额。并进一步测定了近似同层条件下溴损氧的量子产额为２４±１,计算出ＢｒＯ＋ＢｒＯ反应的两个分支反应通道的速率比为５．２５±０．２６。     

气态CF3Br的光氧化反应

本文应用气相色谱。富里叶红外光谱和紫外,可见光谱等技术研究了２５３．７ｍｍ紫外光照射睛ＣＢＦ３Ｂｒ－Ｏ２体系听光化学反应过程。实验结果表明,当作为自由基捕促剂的Ｏ２足量时,ＣＦ３Ｂｒ的光解离呈一级反应,其反 速率常数２．６７＊１０＾－５ｓ＾１,ＣＦ３Ｂｒ的表观量子产额近似为１,主要的反应产物是ＣＦ２Ｏ,Ｂｒ２,在此基础上上讨论了ＣＦ３Ｂｒ光氧化反应的机理。