汞矿区汞污染土壤的淋洗修复

以贵州省铜仁市汞矿区汞污染土壤为研究对象,分别采用KI、Na_2S_2O_3、乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、十二烷基硫酸钠溶液对其进行淋洗修复,筛选出合适的淋洗剂,优化了淋洗条件,并探索了淋洗液的处理方法。实验结果表明:对该土壤淋洗效果最好的淋洗剂为Na_2S_2O_3,最佳淋洗条件为Na_2S_2O_3浓度0.01 mol/L、固液比(g/m L)1∶5、淋洗时间4 h、淋洗次数1次,在此条件下土壤中总汞的淋洗率为13.41%,有效态汞含量可降至原来的61.54%;Na2S对淋洗液中的汞具有较好的去除效果,每升淋洗液加入0.6 g Na_2S处理后,即可满足GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》。     

危废填埋项目环境水文地质勘查与分析

文中以宿迁市某危废填埋项目为例,采用水文地质调查、抽水试验、渗水试验等多种水文地质勘查方法,查明了评价区内的环境水文地质条件与特征,获得了预测评价所需的水文地质参数,为地下水环境影响评价提供了基础资料,也作为类似工程的场地环境水文地质勘查工作的参考。     

环境空气中多环芳烃的监测研究进展

介绍了国内外监测环境空气中多环芳烃 (PAHs)的进展情况。并就环境空气中PAHs的采样技术、样品预处理、分离分析方法 ,以及环境空气中PAHs的影响因素及源解析等方面进行了详尽的阐述     

城市垃圾重金属污染及其治理研究进展

城市垃圾重金属污染及其治理是当前城市发展过程中急需解决的重大课题。本文分别从城市垃圾中重金属的来源、重金属污染及治理现状等方面综述了目前城市垃圾重金属污染方面的研究进展,指出了当前研究中存在的问题和今后的发展方向。     

Catalytic oxidation of gaseous PCDD/Fs with ozone over iron oxide catalysts

Catalytic oxidation of PCDD/Fs (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans) with ozone (catalytic ozonation) over nano-sized iron oxides (denoted as FexOy) was carried out at temperature of 120-180 degrees C. The effects of operating temperature, ozone concentration, space velocity (SV) and water vapor contents on PCDD/F removal and destruction efficiencies via catalytic ozonation were investigated. High activity of the iron oxide catalyst towards PCDD/F decomposition was observed even at low temperatures with the aid of ozone. The PCDD/F removal and destruction efficiencies achieved with FexOy/O3 at 180 degrees C reach 94% and 91%, respectively. In the absence of ozone, the destruction efficiencies of all PCDD/F congeners are below 20% and decrease with increasing chlorination level of PCDD/F congener at lower temperature (120 degrees C). However, in the presence of ozone, the destruction efficiencies of all PCDD/F congeners are over 80% on FexOy/O3 at 180 degrees C. Higher temperature and ozone addition increase the activity of iron oxide for the decomposition of PCDD/Fs. Additionally, in the presence of 5% water vapor, the destruction efficiency of the PCDD/Fs is above 90% even at lower operating temperature (150 degrees C). It indicates that the presence of appropriate amount of water vapor enhances the catalytic activity for the decomposition of gas-phase PCDD/Fs.     

乙烯废碱液的再生

开发了除油-苛化-脱硫组合技术处理乙烯废碱液工艺,考察了影响各级处理效果的主要因素.实验结果表明:经石英砂-聚丙烯腈纤维膜-强碱性阴离子交换树脂组合装置除油后,碱液中油类物质质量浓度小于2 mg/L,NaOH,Na_2CO_3,Na_2S等无机组分含量基本不变;经苛化-脱硫处理后碱液中Na_2CO_3和Na_2S质量浓度分别小于4 430 mg/L和4 480 mg/L;再生碱液的流体力学性质及对酸性气体的吸收性能均可满足乙烯裂解气碱洗要求.     

Effects of chemical oxidation on sorption and desorption of PAHs in typical Chinese soils

In situ chemical oxidation is a commonly applied soil and groundwater remediation technology, but can have significant effects on soil properties, which in turn might affect fate and transport of organic contaminants. In this study, it was found that oxidation treatment resulted mainly in breakdown of soil organic matter (SOM) components. Sorption of naphthalene and phenanthrene to the original soils and the KMnO₄-treated soils was linear, indicating that hydrophobic partitioning to SOM was the predominant mechanism for sorption. Desorption from the original and treated soils was highly resistant, and was well modeled with a biphasic desorption model. Desorption of residual naphthalene after treating naphthalene-contaminated soils with different doses of KMnO₄ also followed the biphasic desorption model very well. It appears that neither changes of soil properties caused by chemical oxidation nor direct chemical oxidation of contaminated soils had a noticeable effect on the nature of PAH-SOM interactions.     

填料床处理污染河水的冬季运行特性

对冬季填料床处理滇池流域污染河水进行了试验研究。结果表明：通过相关性分析可知,在2～6℃时,废砖块中微生物活性较低,温度回升后,微生物活性也随之增强;2～12℃时,废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合生物量高,耗氧速率大且较为稳定,COD去除率保持在50%左右。降温期（5～12℃）时,废砖块对TN、NH⁺₄-N和DTP去除率最高,平均可达64.5%、64.7%和69.7%;低温期（2～6℃）时,废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合对NH⁺₄-N、TN的去除率能达到56.4%～75.1%、56.5%～63.0%,大石子/小石子/煤渣组合削减DTP负荷量达到了2.1 g/(m²·d)。废砖块和大石子/小石子/煤渣组合分别适合在低负荷和高负荷下运行。综上所述,在整个试验过程中（2～12℃）,废混凝土/沸石/煤渣组合表现出了对COD、N和DTP去除率相对稳定的特征,是冬季处理滇池流域污染河水的适宜填料。     

用白泥和赤泥制备烟气脱硫剂

以碱厂白泥和钢厂赤泥为主要原料,研究了制备复合金属氧化物成型烟气脱硫剂的工艺;考察了m（白泥）：m（赤泥）、白泥和赤泥平均粒径、黏结剂、造孔剂对脱硫剂活性的影响。脱硫剂最佳制备工艺条件为m（白泥）：m（赤泥）=2：1,白泥和赤泥粒径越小越好,黏结剂为Na,造孔剂为Zb,加水混匀,挤条成型,烘干后高温焙烧制得;脱硫剂的最高脱硫率为99．83％,脱硫剂脱硫12．30h后穿透硫容为15．20％。     

护砌方式对模拟城市河道水质净化及稳定化的影响

通过构建中试规模河道模拟传统"三面光"河道、仿自然的生态型河道及自然河道,考察了3种护砌方式对模拟城市河道水质净化及稳定化的影响.结果表明,在自然条件下,"三面光"河道对COD、NH4 -N、TP的去除率分别为10.4%、4.7%及2.5%,仿自然的生态型河道为18.9%、13.4%及11.6%,自然河道为20.5%、14.5%及7.7%.护砌方式对城市河道水质净化影响明显;自然或仿自然的护砌方式,可明显改善水质.在5个月的试验期内,"三面光河道"出现藻类孳生的情况,而仿自然的生态型河道及自然河道内的藻类始终得到有效控制,表明自然或仿自然的护砌方式可保持水质稳定.基于城市河道景观和水质稳定的需要,堤坡或河床覆盖一定数量的水生植物是必要的,仿自然的生态型河道和自然河道植物覆盖分别达到水面的40%、70%时都取得了令人满意的效果.