Examining the technology acceptance for dismantling of waste printed circuit boards in light of recycling and environmental concerns

The dismantling of printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs) and the recovery of their useful materials can lead to serious environmental impacts mainly due to their complicated physical structure and the variety of toxic elements contained in their material composition. So far, less attention has been paid to their responsible recycling compared to that of bare printed circuit boards. Combined with other materials recovery process, proper dismantling of PCBAs is beneficial to conserve scarce resources, reuse the components, and eliminate or safely dispose of hazardous materials. In analyzing the generation, resources potential and hazardous risk of scrap PCBAs, technologies used for the dismantling of waste PCBAs have been widely investigated and reviewed from the aspects of both industrial application and laboratory-scale studies. In addition, the feasibility of PCBA dismantling has been discussed, the determinants of which, including the heating conditions and mechanical properties have been identified. Moreover, this paper evaluates the environmental consequences caused by the dismantling of PCBAs.     

二氧化碳回收技术进展

CO2的过量排放对全球的气候变暖有着不可推卸的责任,同时CO2又是一种重要的碳资源,对它的回收和利用将具有很大的经济效益和社会效益。CO2回收的方法主要是膜吸收法、变压吸附法、化学吸收法和低温分离法,特别是离子液体对CO2的吸收,为CO2的减排提供了良好的手段。     

固定化微生物-曝气生物滤池（IBAF）技术用于微污染水处理的实验研究

以温榆河微污染水为研究对象,采用人工草生物载体固定微生物,并在曝气生物滤池反应系统中对其进行处理。河流微污染水中N、P营养缺乏,有机物浓度较低,而且水质变化较大。在水力停留时间为10 h、8h、6.3 h、4.7 h时,此工艺对此河水的处理效果有较大的差异,说明水力停留时间的不同对污染物去除率的影响较大。     

硝酸酸雾对拟南芥的毒性效应研究

采用拟南芥植物检测技术,考察了硝酸烟雾暴露条件下拟南芥生长状况及叶片中叶绿素含量、活性氧代谢、丙二醛(MDA)和蛋白羰基(PCO)等几种指标的变化情况,旨在为硝酸烟雾的生态毒理学效应研究提供试验依据。结果表明,硝酸烟雾可引起拟南芥叶片发黄萎蔫等病理反应,时间依赖性地降低叶绿素含量和氧自由基产生速率,并增加MDA和PCO含量,提示硝酸烟雾可通过诱导氧化应激造成植物损伤。     

The evolution of CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> emissions in international trade for major economies: a perspective from the global supply chain

Employing global multi-regional input–output models, this paper revisits the carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission trade (including exports and imports) and assesses their positions in the national emissions of 14 major countries with large national emissions or large emission trades during 1995–2009. It especially explores the evolution of the emission trades of these countries from both continuous time series and comparative perspectives, in order to provide an explanation for CO₂ emission spillovers across countries. The main findings obtained were as follows: (1) China was the largest CO₂ exporter to other countries, accounting for over 20 % of global exports since 2005; the CO₂ exports of the United States of America (USA), Germany, and Japan varied slightly over this time period, but overall, their proportions had decreased. (2) The CO₂ imports of the USA were the largest, occupying around 20 % of the global CO₂ imports; meanwhile, China’s CO₂ imports increased rapidly and ranked the second largest. (3) For Chinese Taiwan, its proportion of CO₂ exports in production-based emissions ranked the highest while that of the USA ranked the lowest; highly CO₂ import-dependent countries with an over 40 % proportion of CO₂ imports in its consumption-based emissions included France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, while China, India, and Russia remained the lowest, distinguished from their physical energy imports. These results suggested that the global policy makers should take the CO₂ emissions in trade into consideration when carefully accounting for national emissions inventories.     

中国危险废物集中处置设施建设现状、问题和对策

综合性危险废物集中处置设施的建设是实现危险废物安全处置和环境安全目标最根本的保障。本文对《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》确定的建设项目目前的建设进展进行了全面分析,指出项目建设和运营中存在着布局、工艺技术、废物收集难、运营企业自身能力有待提高以及研发和产业化支撑能力差等五个方面的问题,反思中国过去五年时间里在危险废物和医疗废物处置和管理上取得的经验和教训,提出进一步推进项目建设和“十二五”期间加强危险废物和医疗废物管理的若干建议。     

In situ nitrogen removal processes in intertidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary

Estuarine and intertidal wetlands are important sites for nitrogen transformation and elimination. However, the factors controlling nitrogen removal processes remain largely uncertain in the highly dynamic environments. In this study, continuous-flow experiment combined with ¹⁵N isotope pairing technique was used to investigate in situ rates of denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and their coupling with nitrification in intertidal wetlands of the Yangtze Estuary. The measured rates varied from below the detection limit to 152.39 µmol N/(m²·hr) for denitrification and from below the detection limit to 43.06 µmol N/(m²·hr) for anammox. The coupling links of nitrogen removal processes with nitrification were mainly dependent on nitrate, organic carbon, sulfide, dissolved oxygen and ferric iron in the estuarine and intertidal wetlands. Additionally, it was estimated that the actual nitrogen removal processes annually removed approximately 5% of the terrigenous inorganic nitrogen discharged into the Yangtze Estuary. This study gives new insights into nitrogen transformation and fate in the estuarine and intertidal wetlands.     

混凝耦合UV/PS工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

城市生活垃圾处理过程中所产生的垃圾渗滤液,难降解有机物、氨氮含量高,采用生物法和膜法进行垃圾渗滤液深度处理均有一定的局限性,因此关于高级氧化工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液的研究越来越多。将UV/PS体系应用于处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水的研究中,课题组前期研究已表明单独UV/PS体系处理垃圾渗滤液的处理效率有待提高,因此先考察了单独混凝工艺处理垃圾渗滤液生化出水的最佳反应条件以及处理效果,然后将混凝工艺与UV/PS体系相耦合,研究了耦合工艺处理渗滤液生化出水的静态实验、动态运行的处理效果,实验发现耦合工艺能提高处理效果、缩短反应时间,且采用间歇运行效果最好。     

由汶川抗震诗歌大潮看中国古代地震诗歌

2008年"5·12"汶川大地震后,我国出现了前所未有的诗歌大潮,以此为契机,向我国古代诗歌纵深领域延伸,对我国古代地震诗歌进行初步探析。本文通过梳理我国各个文学时期的地震诗歌代表作,归纳出古代地震诗歌在内容上的共同特点:即,宏观描写地震景况和关注个体生命并存;将地震灾害与当朝政治密切联系并以此警示、改良政治;能够意识到人自身抗击灾害的力量并表现出可贵的乐观和自信。     

Biogenic silica in intertidal marsh plants and associated sediments of the Yangtze Estuary

Biogenic silica (BSi) contents in the marsh plants (Phragmites australis, Scirpus mariqueter and Spartina alterniflora) and associated sediments in Chongming Island eastern intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary were determined. The BSi contents in P. australis, S. mariqueter and S. alterniflora varied from 25.78-42.74 mg/g, 5.71-19.53 mg/g and 6.71-8.92 mg/g, respectively. Over the entire growth season, P. australis and S. mariqueter were characterized by linear accumulation patterns of BSi. The abovegroun...