嗜油菌NY3对蜡质油污泥无害化处理

蜡质油污泥(WOS)成分复杂,含大量老化原油、蜡质油、沥青质及其他化学药剂,属危险性固体废弃物,大量排放已成为石化企业可持续发展的障碍。研究利用铜绿假单胞菌NY3处理高浓度WOS的条件,结果表明,WOS:木屑(m/m)(d=0.30 mm) 7:1并结合热熔分散为最佳油污泥预处理条件;液相降解体系含油量为24.5 g/L时,6 d内,油泥中C20以下的正构烷烃完全被去除,C21~C34和C35~C38大分子量正构烷烃去除率分别在91%~99%和78%~89%之间。添加鼠李糖脂能明显提高长链烃和多环芳烃的降解率。6 d内210 mg/L鼠李糖脂使C29~C38的降解率提高17.27%~36.65%,芘、菲分别提高13.67%和16.12%。添加葡萄糖和Fe2+的条件下,NY3菌可将油污泥转化成为糖蛋白,产量达28 g/L。     

污染场地绿色可持续修复理念、工程实践及对我国的启示

经过近30年的污染场地修复实践,越来越多的人意识到传统的修复理念存在很多不足。在可持续发展的社会背景下,欧美各国积极倡导绿色可持续修复理念,全面考查污染场地的修复行为对环境、社会和经济造成的所有影响,从而使修复行为的效益最大化。本文介绍了绿色可持续修复的概念与发展情况、评估指标和方法,并分析了一个从多方面贯彻绿色可持续修复原则的工程实践案例。最后,从加强行业和公众的教育培训、构建基于国情的绿色可持续修复评估框架、强化场地前期调查、提高社会利益相关方的参预性等几方面,对我国推进绿色可持续修复的发展提出建议。     

路面径流的大肠菌群污染及其雨水花园处理

调查了上海市区路面径流中大肠菌群的污染状况,分析了径流中大肠菌群含量的主要影响因素,采用雨水花园模拟柱,考察雨水花园对城市路面径流中大肠菌群的去除效果。结果表明,上海市区地面道路径流中总大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群的均值分别为2.28×106、9.48×105 cfu/100 mL,污染较严重,径流中大肠菌群含量与气温呈正相关;雨水花园对径流中大肠菌群具有良好的去除效果,不同模拟柱平均去除率范围在92.4%~99.5%。填料深度和水力停留时间是影响雨水花园对大肠菌群去除效果的主要因素。长期运行后,填料中没有大肠菌群的积累,雨水花园对大肠菌群的去除效果可保持长期稳定。     

Use of historical and contemporary distribution of mammals in China to inform conservation

A systematic understanding of dynamic animal extinction trajectories for different regions in a nation like China is critically important to developing practical conservation strategies. We explored historical and contemporary changes in terrestrial mammalian diversity to determine how diversity in each of the 5 regions in China has changed over time and to examine the conservation potential of these regions. We used records from databases on Pleistocene mammalian fossils and historical distribution records (1175–2020) for Primates (as a case study) to reconstruct evolutionary and historical distribution trajectories of the 11 orders of terrestrial mammals and to predict their prospective survival based on the national conservation strategy applied. The results indicated that since the Pleistocene, 4–5 mammalian orders have been lost in the northeast, 3 in central China, 2 along the coast, and 1 in the northwest. In the southwest, all 11 orders were maintained. Contemporarily, the coast and southwest had the highest and second-highest species densities. The southwest region and southeastern sections of the northwest region were the most historically and contemporarily diverse areas, which suggests that they should be the first priority for protected area (PA) designation. The central and coastal areas should be secondarily prioritized. In these 2 regions, conservation should focus on human coexistence with nature. Less attention should be paid to the PA in the northeast and western northwest because in these areas ecosystems are depauperate and the climate is harsh. Conservation in these areas should focus principally on avoiding further human encroachment on natural areas. Article impact statement: Historical and contemporary patterns of extinction can be a basis for mammalian conservation strategies.     

火焰原子吸收光度法测定水中铝的方法改进

研究了在盐酸介质中,壬基酚聚氧乙烯-7醚（NP-7）活化下,火焰原子吸收光度法测定环境水体中铝的方法改进。在25mL容量瓶中,加入5．0mL体积分数为50％的盐酸、2．0mL质量浓度为0．01g／mL NP-7和4．0mL质量浓度为75．0μg/mL的铝标准溶液,在原子吸收分光光度计的最佳测定条件下测定吸光度。根据吸光度与铝质量浓度绘制了工作曲线,线性范围3．0～24．0μg/mL,检出限1．32μg/mL。该法用于环境水体中铝含量的测定,加标回收率为94．4％～101．4％,最大相对标准偏差5．8％,方法对比最大相对误差4．1％。     

加工高硫原油的环保问题及治理对策

分析了高硫原油加工带来的环保问题，介绍了镇海炼油化工股份有限公司采取的一系列治理措施，并针对目前仍然存在的问题提出了     

武汉新装修住宅室内空气中甲醛的分析研究

采用国家标准<公共场所空气中甲醛测定方法>(GB/T18204.26-2000)中的酚试剂分光光度法对50套新装修住宅进行了室内空气中甲醛浓度的测定,结果有40套超过我国<室内空气质量标准>规定的浓度(0.1 mg/m3).选择有代表性的三户新装修居室进行了室内甲醛浓度的跟踪监测,并对一户住宅及三个实验室进行了四个季节甲醛平均浓度的检测,结果表明人造板材及木制家具是室内装修甲醛污染的主要来源,温度是影响甲醛释放最主要的因素.     

Study on gaseous CS2 using laser-induced fluorescence

ＳｔｕｄｙｏｎｇａｓｅｏｕｓＣＳ＿２ｕｓｉｎｇｌａｓｅｒ－ｉｎｄｕｃｅｄｆｌｕｏｒｅｓｃｅｎｃｅＰａｎＺｈｅ；ＺｈａｎｇＹｕｅ；ＤｅｎｇＧｕｏｈｏｎｇ；ＰａｎＸｕｎｘｉ，ＨｏｕＨｕｉｑｉ；ＬｉＣｈａｎｇｌｉｎ（ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ...     

Identification and mechanism of formation of certainmutagenic components in the volatile condensatesfrom oxidized and heated edible oils

ＩｄｅｎｔｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｍｅｃｈａｎｉｓｍｏｆｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｃｅｒｔａｉｎｍｕｔａｇｅｎｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｎｅｎｔｓｉｎｔｈｅｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｃｏｎｄｅｎｓａｔｅｓｆｒｏｍｏｘｉｄｉｚｅｄａｎｄｈｅａｔｅｄｅｄｉｂｌｅｏｉｌｓＢａｏＺｉ...