灰水喷雾增湿简易脱硫工艺的工业试验研究

本文介绍了以灰水作为增湿剂的喷雾增湿简易脱硫工艺的原理、流程、工程概况和工业试验 ,分析并研究了运行效果 ,探讨了存在的主要问题 ,进行了技术和经济评价     

高速公路环境影响评价样方调查研究——以昆明绕城高速公路为例

高速公路建设对生态环境和水土保持的影响较大.作为环境影响评价的一个重要手段,样方调查可以对这两种影响的程度进行定量或半定量的分析.生态环境样方调查主要是测算生态系统参数,掌握生态特征;水土保持样方调查主要是确定土壤侵蚀强度,预测水土流失.以昆明绕城高速公路为例,具体说明两种调查方法的应用,总结讨论两种调查方法的特点.     

Heavy metal accumulation by poplar in calcareous soil with various degrees of multi-metal contamination: implications for phytoextraction and phytostabilization

The object of this study was to assess the capacity of Populus alba L. var. pyramidalis Bunge for phytoremediation of heavy metals on calcareous soils contaminated with multiple metals. In a pot culture experiment, a multi-metal-contaminated calcareous soil was mixed at different ratios with an uncontaminated, but otherwise similar soil, to establish a gradient of soil metal contamination levels. In a field experiment, poplars with different stand ages (3, 5, and 7 years) were sampled randomly in a wastewater-irrigated field. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), Cu, lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) in the poplar tissues and soil were determined. The accumulation of Cd and Zn was greatest in the leaves of P. pyramidalis, while Cu and Pb mainly accumulated in the roots. In the pot experiment, the highest tissue concentrations of Cd (40.76 mg kg^?1), Cu (8.21 mg kg^?1), Pb (41.62 mg kg^?1), and Zn (696 mg kg^?1) were all noted in the multi-metal-contaminated soil. Although extremely high levels of Cd and Zn accumulated in the leaves, phytoextraction using P. pyramidalis may take at least 24 and 16 years for Cd and Zn, respectively. The foliar concentrations of Cu and Pb were always within the normal ranges and were never higher than 8 and 5 mg kg^?1, respectively. The field experiment also revealed that the concentrations of all four metals in the bark were significantly higher than that in the wood. In addition, the tissue metal concentrations, together with the NH₄NO₃-extractable concentrations of metals in the root zone, decreased as the stand age increased. P. pyramidalis is suitable for phytostabilization of calcareous soils contaminated with multiple metals, but collection of the litter fall would be necessary due to the relatively high foliar concentrations of Cd and Zn.     

商业SCR烟气脱硝催化剂钙中毒研究

使用2种不同浓度的前驱体溶液(Ca(NO3)2和Ca(CH3COO)2溶液)浸渍新鲜商业SCR(selective catalytic reduction)烟气脱硝催化剂,并对浸渍中毒后催化剂的性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,物理中毒在本研究中占主导位置,化学中毒并不明显。采用离子色谱、氮气吸附-脱附分析、红外光谱分析、X射线衍射分析、扫面电镜分析等多种表征技术对中毒后催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,中毒后催化剂孔结构性质发生了变化,特别是Ca(CH3COO)2溶液浸渍催化剂,内部孔道堵塞较为严重。X射线衍射分析和扫描电镜分析也从另一方面说明了CaCO3的出现及积累导致催化剂脱硝效率降低。此外,催化剂红外光谱分析从表面活性位的角度说明了本研究催化剂化学中毒现象并不明显。     

氨法烟气脱硫系统雾滴浓度测定方法

对于烟气脱硫系统,准确测定烟气中雾滴浓度是完成脱硫系统性能考核的必备技术,目前国内尚无脱硫系统除雾器性能测试统一标准规范。介绍了氨法烟气脱硫系统雾滴浓度的测定方法———硫酸根离子法,阐述了该方法的原理与特点,方法步骤,为氨法烟气脱硫工程考核除雾器性能提供了一种有效的参考方法。     

Analysis of reduction stage of chemical looping packed bed reactor based on the reaction front distribution

Traditional combustion of syngas derived from biomass has incurred numerous environmental problems, and syngas chemical looping combustion is environmentally friendly for syngas energy conversion. As a key part of chemical looping combustion, reactor configuration is noticeable. The dynamically operated packed bed reactor is an emerging conception applied to chemical looping combustion. Our attention is paid to the conversion of the oxygen carrier in the packed bed as the limited maximum conversion of the oxygen carrier in a packed bed is unclear. In this paper, the reaction front distribution during iron oxide reduced by CO is firstly proposed on the basis of chemical equilibrium and then validated by the effluent gas profile. Based on the reaction front distribution, the detail of the reduction stage in iron-based chemical looping combustion is analyzed to obtain the characteristics of reaction fronts. The reaction rates of reduction from Fe₂O₃ to Fe₃O₄, Fe₃O₄ to Fe_0.947O and Fe_0.947O to Fe are 5.280, 3.329 and 4.379 mol m^?3 s^?1, respectively. And the velocities of reaction front I, II, III are 0.605, 0.326, 0.044 cm min^?1, respectively, which demonstrate the reaction front distribution. The methodology established in this paper can be used to study multiple reaction front system in the packed bed reactor.     

LAS、AE降解菌的筛选及降解效率的研究

以某合成洗涤剂厂曝气池活性污泥为菌种来源，表面活性剂直链烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）及脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AE）为唯一碳源进行选择培养，从中分离出5株降解LAS、AE能力强的菌株。根据各菌株菌体形态、染色反应和生理生化反应，分别对5菌株进行了菌种鉴定，并在不同的温度、pH值和供氧的情况下对5株菌株进行培养，研究菌株生长所适宜的环境条件。同时根据LAS、AE对水绵伤害实验，以生物监测的方法对菌株降解LAS、AE的效率进行了研究。     

Plant coexistence can enhance phytoextraction of cadmium by tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） in contaminated soil

A mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate whether plant coexistence affects cadmium (Cd) uptake by plant in contaminated soil.Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.var.K326) and Japanese clover (Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl.) were used.Cadmium was applied as 3CdSO 4 ·8H 2 O in solution at three levels (0,1,and 3 mg/kg soil) to simulate an unpolluted soil and soils that were slightly and moderately polluted with Cd.Tobacco (crop),Japanese clover (non-crop),and their combination were grown under each C...     

2种鼠尾草对模拟酸雨胁迫的耐受性比较及其生理机制研究

为探究2种具有较高药用和观赏价值的鼠尾草对酸雨的耐受性及其生理机制,以美丽鼠尾草(Salvia meiliensis S.W.Su)和贵州鼠尾草(S. cavaleriei Lévl.)为试验材料,分析了2种鼠尾草在不同pH(6.8、5.6、4.5、3.5和2.5)模拟酸雨胁迫下伤害等级、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性以及丙二醛和有机渗透调节物质含量的变化。结果显示：模拟酸雨对美丽鼠尾草的伤害程度高于贵州鼠尾草;随pH的下降,2种鼠尾草叶片叶绿素a、b和总含量逐渐降低,但贵州鼠尾草叶片叶绿素a、b和总含量高于美丽鼠尾草,并以较高的叶绿素a/b适应模拟酸雨胁迫;2种鼠尾草在模拟酸雨胁迫下产生了适应性反应,表现为叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量以及超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的升高,但这一适应性反应被降低的过氧化氢酶活性严重削弱;模拟酸雨胁迫下,贵州鼠尾草叶片SOD、POD和CAT活性均高于美丽鼠尾草,叶片MDA含量低于美丽鼠尾草。研究表明,尽管美丽鼠尾草渗透调节能力很强,但其抗氧化酶活性、叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b都低于贵州鼠尾草,使其膜脂过氧化程度较高、对光能的吸收和转化效率较低,是其对模拟酸雨的耐受性低于贵州鼠尾草的重要原因。     

Ti-SnO_2电解快速去除熄焦循环水中COD

以Ti-SnO2电极作为阴阳极,利用电解池对焦化厂熄焦循环水COD进行去除。极板间距为1 cm,6个极片组成电解池,处理熄焦循环水。实验结果表明:废水被稀释1倍时,污染物的浓度有利于COD的去除;最佳去除条件是电解电压为11 V,p H值为6;当电解时间为0.5 h时,废水的COD由230 mg/L降低到138 mg/L,满足《炼焦化学工业污染物排放标准》中规定的焦化生产废水经处理后用于熄焦时对COD的要求;电解时间增加到2 h,废水的COD由230 mg/L降低到66 mg/L,去除率达到80%。