20世纪中国强震与天体位置关系分析

本文全面分析了1900年至1985年发生于中国的7.0级以上大地震与天体位置的关系.分析结果表明,月回归与三天体一线等天文奇点有利于大地震的发生;本世纪93次7.0级以上大地震中68%发生于月亮轨道(白道)与赤道交角变小阶段,60%以上发生于月亮升交点黄经位于350°～210°期间.这说明月亮轨道运行至此将会是中国地震活跃期.文中还指出,各天体对地球的作用除引潮力之外,还有电磁力和宇宙辐射,而对于远离平衡态的地震区,任何微小的涨落都会被放大,从而诱发地震.     

沿空窄煤柱锚网带支护的巷道稳定性研究

锚杆支护是煤矿采准巷道的重要支护方式 ,沿空留巷技术是回采巷道支护技术改革的主要方面。笔者将两种技术相结合 ,用于保证回采巷道的稳定。在现场矿压观测的基础上 ,讨论了支承压力分布规律和窄煤柱护巷机理 ,运用极限平衡理论计算出护巷煤柱宽度 ,同时结合数值分析和现场巷道变形以观测结果 ,实践证明 ,只要设计参数合理 ,施工质量满足要求 ,沿空窄煤柱锚网带支护技术就可以保证回采巷道的稳定     

新型机车监控系统的研究

设计了一种基于GSM的机车监控系统。用无线电手机传输监控装置产生的原始数据至PC机 ,来达到实时监控机车运行状况的目的。实践表明 ,该系统简单灵活 ,传输可靠 ,具有良好的稳定性和可靠性。与现行车载监控装置相比 ,新型机车监控系统具有提高数据的实时性、减轻工作人员的劳动强度等优点     

Stable sulfur isotope ratio indicates long-term changes in sulfur deposition in the Broadbalk experiment since 1845

Archived wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain and straw, and soil samples from the control plot of the Rothamsted Broadbalk Experiment, located in southeastern England and established in 1843, were used to investigate the effects of dramatically changing SO2 pollution inputs on the concentrations and stable isotope ratios (delta34S) of S in the samples. Representative coal samples from UK major coal fields were also determined for delta34S. Concentrations of S showed no clear trends in either grain or straw over the 155 years from 1845 to 1999. However, grain and straw delta34S decreased rapidly from 6 to 7/1000 in 1845 to -2 to -5/1000 in the early 1970s, and since then have increased to 0.5 to 2/1000 in the late 1990s. This pattern mirrored the trend of UK SO2 emissions over the 155 years. Both grain and straw delta34S correlated strongly and negatively with UK SO2 emissions (R2 > 0.89), but the relationships were different for the pre- and post-1970 data sets. Soil delta34S also decreased considerably, from 8.2/1000 in 1865 to 3.7 to 4.5/1000 during 1965-1999. A negative delta34S value was inferred for the anthropogenic S deposited at the experimental site before 1970, and further confirmed by negative delta34S values (-6 to -10/1000) found in the coal samples from southeastern England and southern Wales. Based on the S isotope ratios, we estimated that anthropogenic S contributed 62 to 78% of the S uptake by wheat at the peak of SO2 emissions, and accounted for 28 to 37% of the topsoil S in 1965.     

Iodine uptake by spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) plants grown in solution culture: effects of iodine species and solution concentrations

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of iodine species and solution concentrations on iodine uptake by spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Five iodine concentrations (0, 1, 10, 50 and 100 microM) for iodate (IO(3)(-)) and iodide (I(-)) were used. Results show that higher concentrations of I(-) (> or =10 microM) had some detrimental effect on plant growth, while IO(3)(-) had little effect on the biomass production of spinach plants. Increases in iodine concentration in the growth solution significantly enhanced I concentrations in plant tissues. The detrimental effect of I(-) on plant growth was probably due to the excessively high accumulation of I in plant tissues. The solution-to-spinach leaf transfer factors (TF(leaf), fresh weight basis) for plants treated with iodide were between 14.2 and 20.7 at different solution concentrations of iodide; TF(leaf) for plants treated with iodate decreased gradually from 23.7 to 2.2 with increasing solution concentrations of iodate. The distribution coefficients (DCs) of I between leaves and roots were constantly higher for plants treated with iodate than those treated with iodide. DCs for plants treated with iodide increased with increasing solution concentrations of iodide, while DCs for plants treated with iodate (around 5.5) were similar across the range of solution concentrations of iodate used in this experiment. The implications of iodine accumulation in leafy vegetables in human iodine nutrition are also discussed.     

Effects of organic acids on copper and cadmium desorption from contaminated soils

A study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic acids on Cd and Cu desorption from natural contaminated soils (NCS) with permanent contamination by metal smelters and from artificial contaminated soils (ACS) derived from an artificial amendment of Cd to three representative zonal soils in Central China. Results showed that the desorption of Cd in either NCS or ACS, with the increment of tartrate or citrate concentration in desorption solution, can be characterized as a valley-like curve. The presence of tartrate or citrate at a low concentration (< or =0.5 mmol/l) inhibited Cd desorption from these two types of soils, whereas the presence of organic acids at high concentrations (> or =2 mmol/l for citrate and about > or =15 mmol/l for tartrate) apparently promoted Cd desorption. The desorption curve of Cu by tartrate solution with different tartrate concentrations can also be characterized as a valley-like curve, while the desorption of Cu in the presence of citrate was directly enhanced with the increment of citrate concentration. With the enhancement of initial pH value from 2 to 8 in the presence of citrate, Cu desorption ratio decreased at the first stage, then increased, and then decreased again. A valley and a peak sequentially appeared in the Cd or Cu desorption curve with initial pH value increment. Compared with citrate, the desorption ratio of Cd or Cu from NCS or ACS was directly decreased in the presence of tartrate, with the enhancement of the pH value from 2 to 8. Cd or Cu desorption was clearly enhanced when the electrolyte concentration of KNO3 or KCl increased in the presence of 2 mmol/l tartrate. Moreover, a higher desorption ratio of Cd or Cu was shown with KCl electrolyte than with KNO3 electrolyte with the same concentration. Based on these observations, we suggest that bioavailabilities of heavy metal can be promoted with selected suitable types and concentrations of organic acid amendment and reasonable field condition.     

烟台市近海海域水质污染研究

烟台市海洋渔业资源丰富,水产业在该市农业经济中占有重要的地位,但近海海域存在石油、无权氮和活性磷酸盐的污染,水质污染对水力业构成了严重危害．为控制该市近海海域水质污染,本文建议当地政府加强对工业污染源的管理,尽快兴建新的污水处理工程,加强海上船舶排污的监督与管理力度,以及引导农民合理应用化肥．     

武汉市可持续发展的主要问题和对策

阐述了武汉市可持续发展战略提出的背景和可持续发展的远景目标,全面分析了影响武汉市可持续发展的六个主要问题：城市经济发展不够,产品市场不大;城市人口增长过快,人口素质仍然不高;管理城市水平有限,城市规划起点较低;交通设施建设滞后,居民住房严重不足;污染治理任务艰巨,生态环境不尽人意;洪涝威胁仍然较大,城市发展受长江制约。并就解决这些问题提出了对策措施,重点是转变政府职能,加快交通设施建设,贯彻“科教     

Calculation of the stability criterion in the reaction of energetic materials

The stability in the energetic materials' thermal decomposition reaction is developed from both transient mass and heat transfer equations simultaneously. The derived equation is the sufficient and necessary condition for the reaction system's stability, which was expressed as:

In this stability equation, a modified Semenov number φ is the expressed function of three kinetic parameters, i.e., n, and β and two variables, i.e., x and θ, respectively. A reaction system is stable if its evaluated modified Semenov number satisfies this stability criterion. In the case of the minimum modified Semenov number φ_m, we can deduce the stability equation at critical condition as

The criteria of stability for the explosives TNT, RDX, PETN and HMX were evaluated using this formula, which was expressed θ_c as function of x at given n, η and various β as parameters.     

1996年7月湖南益阳特大水灾分析

全面科学地分析了1996年7月湖南益阳夏季特大水灾的历史背景、特点及防御对策，对综合治理洞庭湖提供了科学依据。