Release kinetics of vanadium from vanadium (III, IV and V) oxides: Effect of pH, temperature and oxide dose

Batch experiments were performed to derive the rate laws for the proton-promoted dissolution of the main vanadium (III, IV and V) oxides at pH 3.1–10.0. The release rates of vanadium are closely related to the aqueous pH, and several obvious differences were observed in the release behavior of vanadium from the dissolution of V₂O₅ and vanadium(III, IV) oxides. In the first 2 hr, the release rates of vanadium from V₂O₃ were r = 1.14·([H⁺])^0.269 at pH 3.0–6.0 and r = 0.016·([H⁺])^? 0.048 at pH 6.0–10.0; the release rates from VO₂ were r = 0.362·([H⁺])^0.129 at pH 3.0–6.0 and r = 0.017·([H⁺])^? 0.097 at pH 6.0–10.0; and the release rates from V₂O₅ were r = 0.131·([H⁺])^? 0.104 at pH 3.1–10.0. The release rates of vanadium from the three oxides increased with increasing temperature, and the effect of temperature was different at pH 3.8, pH 6.0 and pH 7.7. The activation energies of vanadium (III, IV and V) oxides (33.4–87.5 kJ/mol) were determined at pH 3.8, pH 6.0 and pH 7.7, showing that the release of vanadium from dissolution of vanadium oxides follows a surface-controlled reaction mechanism. The release rates of vanadium increased with increasing vanadium oxides dose, albeit not proportionally. This study, as part of a broader study of the release behavior of vanadium, can help to elucidate the pollution problem of vanadium and to clarify the fate of vanadium in the environment.     

曝气生物滤池去除有机物及硝化氨氮的影响因素研究

采用以陶粒为填料的曝气生物滤池(BAF)处理低浓度生活污水,研究在气水比一定的条件下,水力负荷、有机负荷及氨氮负荷对BAF去除有机物及硝化氨氮的性能的影响.研究结果表明,当试验进水COD为105.8～156.6 mg/L,气水比为3:1的条件下,降解有机物的最佳水力负荷为1.35～1.68 m3/(m2·h),COD平均去除率为86.3%.氨氮负荷是影响反应器硝化性能的直接因素.当水力负荷为1.05 m3/(m2·h),平均进水COD为106.1 mg/L时,若使出水氨氮低于15 mg/L,则反应器能承受的最大进水氨氮负荷为0.5 kg/(m3·d)左右.并确立了相应的反应器动力学模型.     

大型浮顶储油罐雷击事故分析及防范对策

对几起典型的大型浮顶储油罐雷击事故进行了分析,总结了这些事故存在的共性问题。通过开展大型浮顶储油罐的直击雷及雷电感应模拟试验,找出大型浮顶储油罐导电片等现有防雷设施在设计和安装中存在的问题,提出了取消二次密封装置上的导电片、安装等电位连接装置等技术措施,以有效减少大型浮顶储油罐火灾事故的发生。     

电石渣处理煤矿酸性废水技术的研究

利用电石渣对煤矿酸性废水进行处理,达到以废治废的目的。为此对该技术进行研究。在反应停留时间为29 h,pH为6.93时,出水总铁为4.00 mg/L、亚铁为2.01 mg/L、总锰为0.90 mg/L,去除率分别为:总铁:99.04%、亚铁:99.44%、总锰:86.86%。出水指标达GB 20426—2006《煤炭工业污染物排放标准》的要求。     

A review of neurotoxicity of microcystins

Cyanobacterial blooms-produced microcystins are secondary metabolites which can accumulate in the food chain and contaminate water, thus posing a potential threat to the health of aquatic animals and even humans. Microcystin toxicity affects not only the liver but also the other organs, i.e., the brain. The serious neurotoxicity effects caused by microcystins then lead to various symptoms. This review focuses on the neurotoxicity of microcystins. Microcystins can cross blood-brain barrier with the transport of Oatps/OATPs, causing neurostructural, functional, and behavioral changes. In this review, potential uptake mechanisms and neurotoxicity mechanisms are summarized, including neurotransmissions, neurochannels, signal transduction, oxidative stress, and cytoskeleton disruption. However, further researches are needed for detailed studies on signaling pathways and the downstream pathways of neurotoxicity of microcystins.     

离子色谱法同时测定有机和无机阴离子

用离子色谱法同时测定有机阴离子和无机阴离子，实验中采用一种新型高容量分离柱，灵敏度高，选择性好。讨论了最佳实验条件的选择测定了Ｆ＾－，Ｃｌ＾－，ＳＯ４＾２－，ＮＯ２＾－，ＳｅＯ３＾２－、Ｃ２Ｏ４＾２－、甲酸奶和乙酸根等阴离子，并且分析了沈阳地区雪样中的几种阴离子。     

用二阶闭合理论确定的大气扩散系数的分析

本文分析了作者以前得到的一种扩散系数的某些结果,认为这种扩散系数解释了垂直湍流和风切变的联合作用使水平扩散增大的实验观测结果;建立了与雷诺应力间的函数关系,在简化情况下,与泰勒理论得到的结论类似。在边界层低层,湍流扩散系数与粘性系数是不相等的,有时会有较大差别。     

确定滤袋室内喇叭安装个数和位置的新方法

初步建立 了滤袋 室内声压 分布 的数 学 模型 ，并 利用 实 测结 果对 此 数学 模型 进 行了 检验 ，证明所建 立的模 型是合理 的。可以 利用此模 型计算 滤袋室内 的声 压分 布，并 确定 喇叭 的安 装个 数和安装位 置     

铜污染土壤电动修复研究

应用实验方法研究了土壤重金属污染的电动力学修复方法,分析了土壤重金属污染物的迁移和变化特征。实验结果表明,在电场作用下土壤中重金属的浓度分布发生明显变化,使得大部分重金属能在电极附近富集而被去除。当实验的电场强度为0.5 V/cm时,在阳极附近土壤中铜的去除效率达到71.1%。阳极附近的pH值由开始时的6.8逐渐变小到4.4,而阴极附近则相反,由开始时的6.6逐渐增大到9.1,此外电动修复过程中电极附近的温度会发生相应的变化。     

分形及其在地震研究中的应用

本文简要介绍了分形的基本理论,对分形在地震研究中的应用进行了阐述.着重介绍了近年来地震分形在地震预报中应用的一些成果.在此基础上,提出了作者对于开展进一步工作的意见,认为应该对区域和全球的地震分形进行全局性、系统性的研究,逐渐探索地震分形的物理机制和动力学机制,从而在地震研究上取得新进展.