Accumulation and transportation of copper in different ecotypes of Leersia hexandra Swartz

ABSTRACT

This study used hydroponics with different copper (Cu) concentrations to assess metal accumulation and growth in two different populations of Leersia hexandra Swartz, one obtained from a contaminated area (CP) and the other from a non-contaminated area (NCP). Data demonstrated that Cu exerted a lesser effect on the biomass of CP than NCP. The root and shoot biomass measurements of CP were significantly higher than those noted at NCP. Copper concentration in the tissues of L. hexandra from CP increased markedly correlated with the concentration of metal in the culture solution, and this trend was stronger than that in NCP. Copper concentrations in roots and shoots were significantly higher in CP than NCP. As Cu stress levels in the culture solution rose, the transport coefficient of both populations decreased. Furthermore, the coefficient of CP was significantly higher than NCP. At a Cu concentration of 38.4 mg/L, the transfer factor value of CP is 40% higher than NCP. In summary, CP showed higher accumulation and resistance to Cu compared with NCP.     

Development of multi-criteria decision making model for remanufacturing technology portfolio selection

Remanufacturing represents a business opportunity and in many cases a means to promote environmental sustainability. To help enterprises economically and effectively implement remanufacturing, a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model for selecting remanufacturing technology is developed. The model considers remanufacturing technology portfolios. The enterprise benefits associated with each portfolio, including economic and environmental benefits, are evaluated using six main criteria: cost, quality, time, service, resource consumption, and environmental impact. In addition, the synergies among the different types of technologies for each remanufacturing technology portfolio are also considered. The pair-wise comparison approach of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is employed for remanufacturing technology portfolio selection. An illustrative example is provided to lend insights into the application of this methodology.     

基于突发事件生命周期视角的应急物流虚拟联合体的运行模型研究

从突发事件生命周期视角出发,对突发事件的生命周期动态演化全过程进行研究,将突发事件的生命周期分为潜伏期、爆发期、蔓延期、恢复期四个阶段,并深入分析突发事件阶段性特点,推知每一阶段物资需求和应急物流特性。通过跟踪突发事件生命周期演化过程,相应地将应急物流虚拟联合体的运行分为酝酿期、组建起、运行期、终止期四个阶段,并根据每一阶段应急物流特性构建应急物流虚拟联合体在各周期阶段的运行模型,最后阐述了虚拟联合体运行的几点注意事项。目的是切实有效地集成和整合社会专业资源,科学指导应急物流虚拟联合体的社会实践,提高突发事件整体应对能力。     

Measuring the impact of the pet trade on Indonesian birds

The trade in wild animals involves one‐third of the world's bird species and thousands of other vertebrate species. Although a few species are imperiled as a result of the wildlife trade, the lack of field studies makes it difficult to gauge how serious a threat it is to biodiversity. We used data on changes in bird abundances across space and time and information from trapper interviews to evaluate the effects of trapping wild birds for the pet trade in Sumatra, Indonesia. To analyze changes in bird abundance over time, we used data gathered over 14 years of repeated bird surveys in a 900‐ha forest in southern Sumatra. In northern Sumatra, we surveyed birds along a gradient of trapping accessibility, from the edge of roads to 5 km into the forest interior. We interviewed 49 bird trappers in northern Sumatra to learn which species they targeted and how far they went into the forest to trap. We used prices from Sumatran bird markets as a proxy for demand and, therefore, trapping pressure. Market price was a significant predictor of species declines over time in southern Sumatra (e.g., given a market price increase of approximately $50, the log change in abundance per year decreased by 0.06 on average). This result indicates a link between the market‐based pet trade and community‐wide species declines. In northern Sumatra, price and change in abundance were not related to remoteness (distance from the nearest road). However, based on our field surveys, high‐value species were rare or absent across this region. The median maximum distance trappers went into the forest each day was 5.0 km. This suggests that trapping has depleted bird populations across our remoteness gradient. We found that less than half of Sumatra's remaining forests are >5 km from a major road. Our results suggest that trapping for the pet trade threatens birds in Sumatra. Given the popularity of pet birds across Southeast Asia, additional studies are urgently needed to determine the extent and magnitude of the threat posed by the pet trade.     

水稻品种对CH_4产生、排放及δ~(13)CH_4的影响

水稻品种是调控CH4产生和排放的关键因素。关于水稻品种对稻田产生和排放CH4的稳定性碳同位素组成(δ13CH4)的影响研究鲜见报道。通过温室盆栽和室内培养试验并结合稳定性碳同位素方法,研究了持续淹水条件下4个水稻生育期镇稻624、农香98和中早33的土壤CH4产生潜力、土壤溶液CH4浓度、CH4排放通量及产生、排放CH4的δ13C值,为最终筛选优质高产且低CH4排放的水稻品种提供CH4排放相关过程及其稳定性碳同位素方面的参考数据。结果表明:在分蘖期和拔节期,镇稻624和农香98的土壤CH4产生潜力显著高于中早33,在灌浆期和成熟期显著小于后者(P0.05)。三者土壤CH4产生潜力、土壤溶液CH4浓度最高值和土壤Eh的最低值依次出现在拔节期(2.6μg·g-1·d-1,346.9μmol·L-1,-296 m V)、拔节期(3.2μg·g-1·d-1,425.9μmol·L-1,-316 m V)和灌浆期(2.4μg·g-1·d-1、435.2μmol·L-1,-308 m V)。各品种土壤CH4产生潜力均与相应土壤溶液中CH4浓度显著正相关(P0.01),且与土壤Eh显著负相关(P0.01)。镇稻624和农香98在分蘖盛期CH4排放通量最大(67.1和68.7 mg·m-2·h-1),中早33则在拔节期(58.5 mg·m-2·h-1)。各品种CH4季节排放总量依次为55.29、55.74和40.82 g·m-2,前二者无显著差异,显著高于中早33,这可能是镇稻624和农香98的土壤CH4产生潜力在分蘖期和拔节期显著大于中早33,而各品种CH4排放又相对集中在分蘖期和拔节期的缘故。相关分析表明,各生育期CH4排放通量与相应的土壤CH4产生潜力显著正相关(P0.01)。可见水稻品种通过影响土壤的CH4产生,进而影响稻田CH4的排放。镇稻624和中早33土壤产生CH4的δ13C值从约-67.0‰增至-55.5‰,农香98则先减后增,范围为-64.2‰~-52.9‰,这说明镇稻624和中早33的土壤CH4产生途径差异较小,而二者与农香98差异较大。各品种排放CH4的δ13C值均先减后增,分别为-67.6‰~-48.5‰、-73.0‰~-47.3‰和-60.9‰~-46.7‰,季节平均值依次为-52.7‰、-52.5‰和-54.8‰。总体上,水稻品种影响排放δ13CH4值的季节变化。     

Changes in nitrogen budget and potential risk to the environment over 20 years(1990–2010) in the agroecosystems of the Haihe Basin,China

The nitrogen balance can serve as an indicator of the risk to the environment of nitrogen loss from agricultural land. To investigate the temporal and spatial changes in agricultural nitrogen application and its potential threat to the environment of the Haihe Basin in China, we used a database of county-level agricultural statistics to calculate agricultural nitrogen input, output,surplus intensity, and use efficiency. Chemical fertilizer nitrogen input increased by 51.7% from1990 to 2000 and by 37.2% from 2000 to 2010, concomitant with increasing crop yields.Simultaneously, the nitrogen surplus intensity increased by 53.5% from 1990 to 2000 and by16.5% from 2000 to 2010, presenting a continuously increased environmental risk. Nitrogen use efficiency decreased from 0.46 in 1990 to 0.42 in 2000 and remained constant at 0.42 in 2010,partly due to fertilizer composition and type improvement. This level indicates that more than half of nitrogen inputs are lost in agroecosystems. Our results suggest that although the improvement in fertilizer composition and types has partially offset the decrease in nitrogen use efficiency, the environmental risk has still increased gradually over the past 20 years, along with the increase in crop yields and nitrogen application. It is important to achieve a better nitrogen balance through more effective management to significantly reduce the environmental risk,decrease nitrogen surplus intensity, and increase nitrogen use efficiency without sacrificing crop yields.     

SBR法培养好氧颗粒污泥的实验研究

以沈阳市某污水处理厂普通絮状活性污泥为接种污泥,采用人工配制的模拟废水,在SBR反应器中进行好氧颗粒污泥培养实验研究。结果表明:通过运行方式的调整及参数的改变,在第33 d培养出成熟的好氧颗粒污泥,污泥粒径在2~3 mm左右;在一次曝气后增加静置缺氧段,有利于脱氮,系统中COD、NH3-N去除率可分别达到93%和92%;好氧颗粒污泥系统中含有大量的原生动物和后生动物,系统中污泥状态良好,处理效果好。采用逐步提高生活污水比例的方法对颗粒污泥进行驯化,当生活污水的比例达到100%时,系统出水COD50mg/L,NH3-N5 mg/L,达到GB18918—2002一级A出水标准。