仲辛醇吸收NOx尾气的GC／MS研究

本文采用GC/MS法研究了仲辛醇氧化还原法吸收NO_x尾气后的化学组成,鉴定出的组份达37种,并且对一些主要组份的生成机理进行了简单的探讨。     

塔里木河干流流域区域开发与环境对策

区域开发的设计,目的在于实现资源开发和环境建设的协调发展。塔河流域具有光热资源丰富、土地资源开发潜力大、石油资源开发前景广阔等区域开发优势,同时存在水土资源不平衡、社会经济发展缓慢、科学技术水平落后、交通条件差、生态环境问题严重等区域开发的限制性因素。从塔河流域资源优势出发,针对当前区域开发的限制性因素,按照新疆经济发展对塔河流域的要求,选择“优势资源转换开发模式”为塔河流域开发战略模式。解决塔河流域生态环境问题,首先要使现有生态环境不再继续恶化,最低限度保护现有植被面积不再减少,即维护现有天然胡杨林29.8万公顷、天然灌木林111.33万公顷、天然草地90.38万公顷,在此基础上,恢复和改善下游绿色走廊的植被,约3.96万公顷。如果完成以上指标,必须确保生态用水,特别是下游段的生态用水,加强天然植被的抚育更新,并制定相应的政策、法规等。     

对承包工程队安全管理探讨

介绍了林业木材生产中用工形式的变化及推行具有法人资质单位承包经营的新路子，阐述了这种承包方式中存在的问题，探讨了这种承包方式中安全管理的途径。     

湖鲫、鲤鱼的增产潜力及渔业生态管理研究

自１９９１年以来，对氵鬲湖鲫、鲤鱼的种群结构、生态环境等进行了较全面的调查研究，提出了在保持草型湖泊生态系统良性循环基础上，合理地利用氵鬲湖天然饵料资源进行渔业生态管理，使可更新资源尽可能多地转化为鲫、鲤商品鱼的建议，以充分提高鲫、鲤产值效益。文中有关入湖鱼种死亡过程的双峰曲线，尚未见诸报道。     

麻痹性贝毒在栉孔扇贝体内短期的累积与排出过程

初步研究了微小亚历山大藻Alexandrium minutum产生的麻痹性贝毒(paralytic shellfish poisoning,PSP)在栉孔扇贝Chlamys farreri体内短期累积、转化与排出的规律。结果表明,在累积实验阶段,栉孔扇贝内脏、肌肉及生殖腺中的PSP毒素含量均随实验时间的延长而逐渐增加,累积20 h后内脏的毒性达21.56μgSTXeq/100 g,累积速率为1.05μgSTXeq/100 g/h。内脏是毒素累积的主要部位,含量占贝体内PSP毒素总量的89.5%,累积率为6.4%,远远高于肌肉、生殖腺。经过30 h的排出阶段,扇贝总毒性减少到15.05μgSTX eq/100 g,排出速率为0.22μgSTXeq/100 g.h,仅为累积速率的1/5。     

液体石化产品装车控制及安全

介绍了液体石化产品汽车装车过程安全控制,并结合实际制定了安全技术操作规程,以苯类产品为例,详细阐述了事故处理预案。     

核电站气载放射性流出物环境辐射剂量计算

计算大亚湾核电站正常工况下气载放射性流出物对80km的大气环境防护距离内的公众所致辐射剂量。根据大亚湾核电站2001年气载放射性流出物排放量,逐时观测气象数据及相关参数,选用修正的高斯烟羽模型和美国核管会导则1.109的食物链模型,运用美国橡树岭国家实验室编制的AIRDOS-EPA程序,程序经修改后适合于中国核设施的计算。计算得到2001年大亚湾核电站气态放射性流出物对周边80km范围内的公众所致的年均集体剂量为4.722E-3人·希,最大个人有效剂量为1.362E-8希。结果表明,2001年大亚湾核电站正常工况下,气载放射性流出物对周围公众造成的剂量当量远低于国家标准,对周边地区居民健康几乎没有影响。     

Spatial variations of aluminum species in drinking water supplies in Xi’an studied applying geographic information system

This article aimed to investigate the variation of aluminum species and the effects of coagulant type and water quality on aluminum speciation in drinking water.Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of total aluminum(AlT) of drinking water in Xi'an ranged from 0.051 to 0.417 mg/L and the concentration of AlT in about 24.7% studied samples was higher than the currently recommended value(0.2 mg/L).The areas fed by surface water plants had a larger portion(39.4%) of samples over the recommended value.In drinking water treated by alum coagulant,the average concentration of monomeric aluminum(Ala) was higher than that in water treated by poly aluminum chlorine(PACl) and poly aluminum ferric chloride(PAFC).The average concentrations of polynuclear aluminum(Alb) and colloidal/suspended aluminum(Alc) in the drinking water treated by alum were lower than those in water treated by PACl and PAFC.There was a notable decrease in AlT along with the delivery pipeline away from the plants,with an average decline of about 36 μg/(L·km).Besides coagulant type,water quality also could afflect aluminum speciation.In drinking water without orthophosphate,the concentrations of Ala and AlT were positively correlated with pH;while,in drinking water with orthophosphate,the concentrations of Ala and AlT were negatively correlated with pH.The addition of orthophosphate salts in the drinking water treatment process would be an effective method for aluminum control in pH range 6.5-8.2.     

Response of runoff and soil loss to reforestation and rainfall type in red soil region of southern China

To evaluate the long-term effects of reforestation types on soil erosion on degraded land, vegetation and soil properties under conventional sloping farmland (CSF) and three different reforestation types including a Pinus massoniana secondary forest (PSF), an Eucommia ulmoides artificial economic forest (EEF) and a natural succession type forest (NST), were investigated at runoff plot scale over a six-year period in a red soil region of southern China. One hundred and thirty erosive rainfall events generating runoff in plots were grouped into four rainfall types by means of K-mean clustering method. Erosive rainfall type I is the dominant rainfall type. The amount of runoff and the soil loss under erosive rainfall type III were the most, followed by rain-fall type II, IV and I. Compared with CSF treatment, reforestation treatments decreased the average annual runoff depth and the soil loss by 25.5%–61.8% and 93.9%– 96.2% during the study period respectively. Meanwhile, runoff depth at PSF and EEF treatments was significantly lower than that in NST treatment, but no significant difference existed in soil erosion modulus among the three reforestation treatments. This is mainly due to the improved vegetation properties (i.e., vegetation coverage, biomass of above- and below-ground and litter-fall mass) and soil properties (i.e., bulk density, total porosity, infiltration rate and organic carbon content) in the three reforestation treatments compared to CSF treatment. The PSF and EEF are recommended as the preferred reforestation types to control runoff and soil erosion in the red soil region of southern China, with the NST potentially being used as an important supplement.     

广西环江铅锌矿尾砂坝坍塌对农田土壤的污染及其特征

广西环江县因铅锌金属矿区尾砂坝坍塌导致大面积农田污染甚至绝收.为此,对矿区下游污染区和非污染区的农田土壤、尾砂和河流沉积物进行了系统调查和研究.调查结果表明,农田遭受As、Pb、Zn和cd污染,土壤酸化严重,pH值最低至2.5,全硫含量高达2.29%.X-衍射鉴定结果表明,受污染土壤中存在大量硫铁矿,这是导致土壤酸化的主要物质.由于强酸性淋溶作用的影响,污染农田中La、Ce和Nd等稀土元素发生明显的向下淋溶现象,导致表层土壤La、Ce和Nd元素含量明显低于未污染农田.从土壤剖面分布来看,污染点的土壤中As、Pb和Zn仍主要集中分布在表层0～30 cm范围,发生土壤酸化现象的土层深度仍局限于0～70 cm范围.