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771.
运用Morris方法研究了蓝藻暴发期不同氮磷比条件下,巢湖富营养化模型中蓝藻、溶解有机碳、营养物和溶解氧的参数敏感性.结果表明:蓝藻的敏感参数随氮磷比不同有显著差异;氮缺乏情况下,蓝藻对氮转化过程相关参数较敏感;磷缺乏情况下则反之.在任何氮磷比条件下,溶解有机碳、营养物和溶解氧等非生物变量都是对直接参与其自身转化过程的参数最为敏感,它们在不同氮磷比情况下的敏感参数差异较小.相比较蓝藻生长过程的参数,基础代谢过程的参数对所有变量的影响都更强.此外,各个参数的敏感性与它们的相互作用强度呈显著正相关,且这种相关性在极端氮或磷缺乏情况下尤为显著.本研究的结果有助于深入理解湖泊富营养化现象、改善富营养化模型模拟效果和精度. 相似文献
772.
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) disinfection usually does not produce halogenated disinfection by-products, but the formation of the inorganic by-product chlorite (ClO2–) is a serious consideration. In this study, the ClO2– formation rule in the ClO2 disinfection of drinking water was investigated in the presence of three representative reductive inorganics and four natural organic matters (NOMs), respectively. Fe2+ and S2– mainly reduced ClO2 to ClO2– at low concentrations. When ClO2 was consumed, the ClO2– would be further reduced by Fe2+ and S2–, leading to the decrease of ClO2–. The reaction efficiency of Mn2+ with ClO2 was lower than that of Fe2+ and S2–. It might be the case that MnO2 generated by the reaction between Mn2+ and ClO2 had adsorption and catalytic oxidation on Mn2+. However, Mn2+ would not reduce ClO2–. Among the four NOMs, humic acid and fulvic acid reacted with ClO2 actively, followed by bovine serum albumin, while sodium alginate had almost no reaction with ClO2. The maximum ClO2– yields of reductive inorganics (70%) was higher than that of NOM (around 60%). The lower the concentration of reductive substances, the more ClO2– could be produced by per unit concentration of reductive substances. The results of the actual water samples showed that both reductive inorganics and NOM played an important role in the formation of ClO2– in disinfection. 相似文献
773.
This study investigated a combined low-thermal and CaO2 pretreatment to enhance the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production from waste activated sludge (WAS). The fermentative product was added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) as an external carbon source to enhance nitrogen removal. The results showed that the combined pretreatment improved WAS solubilization, releasing more biodegradable substrates, such as proteins and polysaccharides, from TB-EPS to LB-EPS and S-EPS. The maximum VFA production of 3529 ± 188 mg COD/L was obtained in the combined pretreatment (0.2 g CaO2/g VS + 70 °C for 60 min), which was 2.1 and 1.4-fold of that obtained from the sole low-thermal pretreatment and the control test, respectively. Consequently, when the fermentative liquid was added as an external denitrification carbon source, the effluent total nitrogen decreased to Class A of the discharge standard for pollutants in rural wastewater treatment plants in most areas of China. 相似文献
774.
Co-metabolic and biochar-promoted biodegradation of mixed PAHs by highly efficient microbial consortium QY1 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), typical representatives of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs), have become ubiquitous in the environment. In this study, a novel microbial consortium QY1 that performed outstanding PAHs-degrading capacity has been enriched. The degradation characteristics of single and mixed PAHs treated with QY1 were studied, and the effect of biochar on biodegradation of mixed PAHs and the potential of biochar in PAHs-heavy metal combined pollution bioremediation were also investigated. Results showed that, in single substrate system, QY1 degraded 94.5% of 500 mg/L phenanthrene (PHE) and 17.8% of 10 mg/L pyrene (PYR) after 7 days, while in PHE-PYR mixture system, the biodegradation efficiencies of PHE (500 mg/L) and PYR (10 mg/L) reached 94.0% and 96.2%, respectively, since PHE served as co-metabolic substrate to have significantly improved PYR biodegradation. Notably, with the cooperation of biochar, the biodegradations of PHE and PYR were greatly accelerated. Further, biochar could reduce the adverse impact of heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr2O72?) on PYR biodegradation remarkably. The sequencing analysis revealed that Methylobacterium, Burkholderia and Stenotrophomonas were the dominant genera of QY1 in almost all treatments, indicating that these genera might play key roles in PAHs biodegradation. Overall, this study provided new insights into the efficient bioremediation of PAHs-contaminated site. 相似文献
775.
Junling Li Hong Li Xuezhong Wang Weigang Wang Maofa Ge Hao Zhang Xin Zhang Kun Li Yan Chen Zhenhai Wu Fahe Chai Fan Meng Yujing Mu Abdelwahid Mellouki Fang Bi Yujie Zhang Lingyan Wu Yongchun Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(4):185-197
Understanding the formation mechanisms of secondary air pollution is very important for the formulation of air pollution control countermeasures in China. Thus, a large-scale outdoor atmospheric simulation smog chamber was constructed at Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (the CRAES Chamber), which was designed for simulating the atmospheric photochemical processes under the conditions close to the real atmospheric environment. The chamber consisted of a 56-m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film reactor, an electrically-driven stainless steel alloy shield, an auxiliary system, and multiple detection instrumentations. By performing a series of characterization experiments, we obtained basic parameters of the CRAES chamber, such as the mixing ability, the background reactivity, and the wall loss rates of gaseous compounds (propene, NO, NO2, ozone) and aerosols (ammonium sulfate). Oxidation experiments were also performed to study the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA), including α-pinene ozonolysis, propene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene photooxidation. Temperature and seed effects on the vapor wall loss and SOA yields were obtained in this work: higher temperature and the presence of seed could reduce the vapor wall loss; SOA yield was found to depend inversely on temperature, and the presence of seed could increase SOA yield. The seed was suggested to be used in the chamber to reduce the interaction between the gas phase and chamber walls. The results above showed that the CRAES chamber was reliable and could meet the demands for investigating tropospheric chemistry. 相似文献
776.
联邦《石油污染条例》、州《溢油预防和应对法案》和《溢油预防和应对条例》共同构成了美国路易斯安那州自然资源损害评估制度体系,确立了评估活动主导者和参与者明确、程序清晰、客观公正、资金来源有保障,且融合了应急、评估、响应行动于一体的评估制度。我国正在建立的生态环境损害赔偿制度,虽然就损害评估已经形成了部分规范性文件,但多重视的是评估机构的资质管理和具体的评估技术方法,有必要借鉴域外经验,从主体构建、程序设计、多方参与、评估资金、融合评估和应急、恢复行动于一体五个方面完善评估管理制度。 相似文献
777.
目的研究T2铜在不同飞溅条件下的腐蚀行为。方法通过对T2铜在三亚热带海水飞溅区进行0.5、1、2 a三个周期的环境试验,采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪对其腐蚀产物形貌、物相进行分析,使用电化学工作站对带锈样品进行分析。结果 T2铜在堤岸飞溅区和堤岸内飞溅区腐蚀速率随时间的延长逐渐下降。在飞溅区,不同周期T2铜的腐蚀产物为表面较薄的氧化层,且存在分层现象,主要由外层疏松的绿色Cu2(OH)3Cl和内层致密的棕色Cu_2O组成。不同试验周期,两处飞溅区试样表面的腐蚀产物都较为平整,堤岸飞溅区腐蚀产物层的平均厚度大于堤岸内飞溅区,腐蚀形貌均为均匀腐蚀。两处飞溅区锈层均由Cu_2O和Cu2(OH)3Cl相构成,堤岸飞溅区锈层主要为Cu_2O和Cu2(OH)3Cl相,堤岸内飞溅区锈层主要为Cu_2O相,存在少量Cu2(OH)3Cl相。结论在同一试验地点进行飞溅试验,由于飞溅条件不同,2a内铜的腐蚀速率、腐蚀产物等会存在差异。 相似文献
778.
研究复合光催化剂MWNTs/TiO2对典型氯苯类有机化合物光催化降解动力学及主要光降解路径.结果表明,同一初始浓度和相同光催化降解实验条件下,60min时典型氯苯类有机化合物的光降解率均达到90%以上.其中六氯苯和五氯苯的光催化降解速率常数分别为0.0664h-1和0.0670h-1,其大小明显高于其它氯苯类化合物.1,二氯苯的光催化降解反应速率常数仅为0.0430h4--1,在典型氯苯类化合物中最小.三氯苯的3种同分异构体——1,3-三氯苯、24-三氯苯和1,5-三氯苯的光催化降解速率常数分别为0.0547h2,1,,3,-1、0445h0.-1和0.0439h-1.六氯苯的主要光催化降解路径为:HCB→PeCB→1,2,3,5-TeCB→1,2,4-TCB→1,4-DCB. 相似文献
779.
780.