Preparation of various thiol-functionalized carbon-based materials for enhanced removal of mercury from aqueous solution

In this work, biochar (BC), activated carbon (AC), and graphene oxide (GO) were thiol-functionalized using 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-MPTS) (named as BCS, ACS, and GOS, respectively). BCS, ACS, and GOS were synthesized mainly via the interaction between hydrolyzed 3-MPTS and surface oxygen-containing functional groups (e.g., –OH, O–C=O, and C=O) and π-π interaction. The materials before and after modification were characterized and tested for mercury removal, including sorption kinetics and isotherms, the effects of adsorbent dosage, initial pH, and ionic strength. Pseudo-second-order sorption kinetic model (R² = 0.992~1.000) and Langmuir sorption isotherm model (R² = 0.964~0.998) fitted well with the sorption data of mercury. GOS had the most –SH groups with the largest adsorption capacity for Hg²⁺ and CH₃Hg⁺ (449.6 and 127.5 mg/g), followed by ACS (235.7 and 86.7 mg/g) and BCS (175.6 and 30.3 mg/g), which were much larger than GO (96.7 and 4.9 mg/g), AC (81.1 and 24.6 mg/g), and BC (95.6 and 9.4 mg/g). GOS and ACS showed stable mercury adsorption properties at a wide pH range (2~9) and ionic strength (0.01~0.1 mol/L). Mercury maybe removed by ligand exchange, surface complexation, and electrostatic attraction.

     

基于委托代理模型的环境治理公众参与研究

公众参与是我国环境治理中的热门话题,尤其是近年来环保事故频出和极端天气频现后,社会各界对公众参与寄予厚望,因此对公众参与环境治理效果的研究具有适时性和重要性。本文基于新制度经济学中有关监督和激励理论,对公众参与环境治理构建了P-S-A(委托人政府;监察者公众;代理人企业)三层委托代理分析模型,对我国环境治理中没有公众参与、公众事后参与、公众事前参与和赋予公众环境损害赔偿权等不同参与模式的治理效果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:灵活的激励制度和治理技术水平的提升是提高环境治理效能的必要条件;公众事后对企业实施低技术类型的监督,如举报企业偷排漏排行为等,反而会产生对政府监督的挤出效应,最终社会整体的环境治理效果不一定最佳;公众事前参与对企业或项目环境决策实施高技术类型的监督,如公众参与环评等举措,则会更有效地提高社会整体环境治理效果;而赋予公众环境损害索赔权,则是改变目前我国环境"软治理"约束的根本性举措。     

Optimization of selective pressurized liquid extraction for extraction and in-cell clean-up of PCDD/Fs in soils and sediments

This paper describes the development of methods for selective extraction of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) from soils and sediments, using pressurized liquid extraction with in-cell clean-up (SPLE). Two binary solvent mixtures, viz. dichloromethane/n-heptane (DCM/Hp), and diethylether/n-heptane (DEE/Hp), were evaluated. The SPLE extraction conditions were optimized using central composite face (CCF) design. Three factors were investigated: extraction temperature (60–160 °C), number of extraction cycles (1–3) and time per cycle (2–18 min). The results showed that DCM/Hp (1/1, v/v) and DEE/Hp (1/2, v/v) were the best extraction solvent compositions and that the extraction temperature was a critical factor that needed careful optimization to achieve high extraction efficiency without co-extraction of sulfuric acid. Under the optimal conditions, the SPLE methods provided results with good accuracy and precision. For the sandy soil certified reference material (CRM-529) the quantification results ended up in the range 82–110% as compared to the concentrations obtained by a reference method based on Soxhlet extraction and external column clean-up. Furthermore, for a clay soil (CRM-530) and a sediment reference material (WMS-01), the accuracy (trueness) of the TEQ values were +11% (DCM/Hp) and +8% (DEE/Hp) for CRM-530, +8% and ?7% for WMS-01, respectively. The individual congener concentrations also agreed well with the certified values. These findings show that SPLE is a promising method for combined extraction and clean-up of PCDD/Fs in soil/sediment samples.     

The Reuse of Urban and Industrial Waste in Tai-Lin-Pu Reclamation Project,Taiwan

Abstract

This study introduces the principles of KMG's (Kaoshiung Municipal Government) dealing with the non-poisonous urban and industrial waste through reclamation of shore land in reinforcing a sense of coastal protection and land development in Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, southern Taiwan.

Through a series of experimental studies, we found that substitutes of coarse aggregate with a broad spectrum of integrating slag powder, fly ash, and cementitious material can be obtained with a benefit up to 80% saving of cement. the integrated aggregates from the non-poisonous industrial wastes were subsequently made into armour units and used in the field tests at Tai-Lin-Pu coastal area, where the shorelines are seriously eroded. After being subjected to several severe typhoon advents, the results showed that the waste-made units used as the protection breakwater, together with construction wastes and excavated soil as the filling material, prove to be an effective practice in utilizing recycled urban waste to reclaim erosive shore lands. Moreover, this study also demonstrates that through detailed analysis of the waste characteristics, scrap material could be turned into valuable construction aggregates, and highlights the value of non-poisonous urban and industrial waste as a alternative resource for the shore protection engineering.     

中日大学生环境意识的调查研究

环境问题已经成为当今世界面临的主要问题之一。大学生是未来社会的中坚和领导力量,他们对环境问题的态度和行为将对环境乃至整个社会产生重要影响。本文采用问卷调查方式在对中日两国大学生环境意识调查研究的基础上,分析了中日两国大学生的环境意识现状及其影响因素,并进行对比,以期对我国高校环境教育提出相关建议。     

Synthesis of a three-dimensional network sodium alginate–poly(acrylic acid)/attapulgite hydrogel with good mechanic property and reusability for efficient adsorption of Cu2+ and Pb2+

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Water pollution caused by heavy metals has dramatically impacted ecosystems in recent years. For instance, 45.4% of lakes in China are in the category of moderate...     

A novel humidity regulating material hydrothermally synthetized from concrete waste

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - To promote the recycling of construction wastes, a low temperature (≤ 200 ℃) hydrothermal technology for solidifying...     

曝气诱导内波破坏水库水温分层的过程与效果

针对传统的水库破坏分层技术的低效率、高能耗等普遍问题,研制了能模拟基于自然对流而形成水温分层的中试模型水库,研究了曝气诱导形成内波混合破坏水温分层的可行性,过程和效果.扬水曝气产生的周期性出流能作为扰动源,在分层水环境中诱导形成内波.内波频率及波幅与曝气量有关.在曝气量0.07~0.28m3/(m2·h),跃温层温度梯度0.29~0.48℃/m的中试条件下,内波破坏分层过程主要以减小表层和底层水温差别、驱使跃温层下潜、等温层变薄为特征,破坏分层的速度与曝气量正相关、与温度梯度负相关.内波通过垂向振荡和横向传播,促进不同温度的水层之间的热交换.相对传统的循环水流混合,在温度梯度约0.32℃/m和0.46℃/m的条件下,当曝气量从0.07m3/(m2·h)逐渐增加到0.28m3/(m2·h)时,内波混合可分别将破坏分层效率提高25.0%~40.0%和41.2%~60.0%.     

以PHBV为固相碳源同时去除地下水中硝酸盐氮和对氯苯酚的试验研究

化肥和农药的施用导致中国的地下水中硝酸盐氮和农药污染同时存在,并成为威胁人体健康的重要因素之一。其中氯酚类物质是一类常见的农药,具有高毒性和难降解性。目前,关于固相反硝化用于硝酸盐氮和对氯苯酚同时去除的研究较少,并且对微生物群落结构演变情况的分析还鲜见报道。论文以聚羟基丁酸戊酸共聚酯(PHBV)为反硝化固体碳源,通过序批试验研究同步去除硝酸盐氮和对氯苯酚的效果,并探讨对氯苯酚的加入对反硝化速率的影响;利用末端限制性长度多态性分析(T-RFLP)技术,使用Alu I酶切总细菌16S r RNA,研究对氯苯酚的存在对微生物群落的影响。结果表明,(1)在50 mg·L-1的硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)的浓度水平下,对氯苯酚(4-CP)的加入前后,硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)的去除率为(97.5±1.2)%和(95.3±1.7)%,总体上使去除效果略有降低;在10 mg·L-1的质量浓度水平下,对氯苯酚24 h的平均去除率为45.4%,其去除85.5%是由于微生物的降解作用引起的。(2)从对氯苯酚的加入到第45天的时间内,反硝化速率表现为先下降后上升,说明对反硝化速率起到先抑制后促进的作用。(3)在对氯苯酚加入前后45 d内,系统微生物群落结构发生明显的变化,趋向于多样化和均匀化。