Rapid dephosphorylation of glyphosate by Cu-catalyzed sulfite oxidation involving sulfate and hydroxyl radicals

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Glyphosate is a broad-spectrum toxic herbicide that has entered the environment. Advanced oxidation processes efficiently remove various persistent organic...     

稻米来源镉对生长期猪的生长特性及不同脏器组织镉蓄积的影响

环境中的镉污染对动植物及人类都带来了极大的危害。目前,多数镉毒理研究关注其无机状态,而来源于稻米的有机态镉的毒害作用报道较少。为评估稻米来源镉对生长期猪的毒性作用,选用初始体重为30 kg左右的健康生长猪28头,随机分为体重无明显差异的2组,即对照组与稻米来源镉组(试验组),研究稻米来源镉对生长期猪(生长及育肥全阶段)的生长特性及不同脏器组织镉蓄积的影响。结果表明,在生长及育肥阶段,试验组与对照组相比:1)生长特性无显著差异(P0.05);2)育肥期组织游离氨基酸含量,除肌肉中的赖氨酸显著降低外(P0.05),血浆、肝脏、肾脏及肌肉中其他游离氨基酸水平均无显著差异(P0.05);3)心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、肺脏、胃、小肠、大肠、骨骼中镉蓄积量显著增高(P0.05),而肌肉、血液中无显著差异(P0.05),脂肪、皮中未检出镉。日粮使用大比例镉超标稻米后镉在各脏器和组织中的蓄积规律为肾脏肝脏小肠脾肺大肠胃血液骨头心腿肌背肌脂肪、皮。由此可见,镉超标稻米对生长期猪的生长特性未产生显著的影响,稻米来源镉主要蓄积于肝脏和肾脏,而主流食用组织肌肉和血液中镉的蓄积量较少。     

洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布

福寿螺是世界100种恶性入侵物种中唯一的水生螺,已对大理及周边地区造成了不可估量的经济损失和生态安全问题。为探究洱海流域湖泊湖滨带福寿螺时空分布及与水环境因子、季节之间的关系,探索福寿螺在大理地区的入侵机制,为大理地区高效防治福寿螺提供建设性建议,并为福寿螺时空分布格局的相关研究积累资料,于2016年冬季和2017年夏季在大理洱海及其上游水源地海西海、西湖、茈碧湖、绿玉池,以及罗时江湿地进行系统抽样,利用统计软件分析福寿螺分布与水质关系,结合GIS,分析福寿螺的时空分布以及潜在入侵危害。结果表明,从空间尺度上,洱海流域福寿螺有进一步扩散的趋势;从时间尺度上,福寿螺的密度随季节性水位的改变而变化;洱海流域的福寿螺分布和水质因子之间基本无相关性。     

基于YanMeng台风风场的输电线路极值风速推算方法

极值风速作为输电线路抗风设计的重要参数,对结构的强度和年限标准意义重大。为克服采用观测资料直接推算极值风速的缺陷,给出了一种沿海地区输电线路极值风速推算的数值方法,即以台风风场物理方程为基础,利用历史台风进行反演,验证风场模型的适应性,随后结合台风年鉴,采用模拟圆和Monte Carlo抽样模拟进行研究点最大风速序列计算,并根据极值III型Weibull分布进行极值风速的推算。最后以海口市为例,对该极值风速推算方法进行详细阐述,推算了海口市近100a内重现期的极值风速,并与观测统计值进行对比,研究发现本文模拟效果较好,可以作为沿海地区输电线路抗风设计的理论参照。     

格栅加筋废弃钢渣的强度特性试验研究

提出了格栅加筋废弃钢渣的土工回填新技术,通过三轴固结排水试验研究格栅加筋废弃钢渣的抗剪强度特性。以玄武岩纤维格栅和江苏永钢废弃钢渣为例,分析在不同相对密实度、格栅加筋层数和围压下的格栅加筋废弃钢渣的应力应变特性,将格栅加筋废弃钢渣的抗剪强度特性与传统土、特殊土的抗剪强度特性以及前人研究的格栅或格室加筋特殊土的抗剪强度特性进行了比较。结果表明:各工况下的格栅加筋钢渣的黏聚力强度都远大于传统土类,且内摩擦强度也较高,达到砂类的摩擦强度;各工况下的格栅加筋钢渣的黏聚力强度弱于黄土与膨胀土,但其内摩擦强度则高于膨胀土与黄土。表明格栅加筋钢渣在较多工况下比传统土、特殊土以及格栅或格室加筋特殊土拥有更高的抗剪强度特性,可替换砂土应用于软基处理或加筋回填工程中。     

真菌生物滤池净化苯乙烯废气的研究

采用接种Aspergillus candidus和Penicillium frequentans的真菌生物滤池处理苯乙烯废气,考察苯乙烯在生物滤池中的净化效果和物质转化特性。苯乙烯的进气质量浓度为200～800 mg/m3,气体流量分别为0.28,0.38和0.48 m3/h,对应的气体停留时间分别为60,45和35 s。试验结果表明:苯乙烯在真菌生物滤池中有较好的处理效果,最大去除能力达66.78 g/(m3.h),真菌生物滤池中二氧化碳的产生量和苯乙烯去除量呈线性关系。微生物分析结果表明,接种的Aspergillus candidus和Penicillium frequentans在反应器内能够长期保持优势地位。     

污水处理厂出水中雌激素活性物质浓度与生态风险水平

再生水在环境和景观水体利用中,由微量有毒有害污染物,特别是内分泌干扰物引起的长期生态风险备受关注. 以再生水生态风险控制为目的,对城市污水处理厂出水(再生水)中雌激素活性物质浓度分布情况进行了研究,归纳了8种雌激素活性物质的出水浓度水平,比较分析了各物质的雌激素活性和生态风险. 结果表明:8种物质的质量浓度分布在ng/L～μg/L,其中ρ(类固醇)最低,为nd～50 ng/L;ρ(酚类)及ρ(酞酸酯类)主要在μg/L水平,个别高达40 μg/L. 雌激素活性分析和生态风险评价结果表明,污水处理厂出水(再生水)中3类雌激素活性物质的雌激素活性和生态风险顺序均为类固醇物质＞酚类物质＞酞酸酯类物质. 城市污水再生处理厂应优先控制乙炔基雌二醇(EE2)、雌酮(E1)和雌三醇(E3)等3种雌激素活性物质.      

Perception of people for the risk of Tianwan nuclear power plant

A questionnaire survey of residents’ risk perceptions related to Taiwan nuclear power plant in China was carried out to explore the determining factors that affect individual risk perception. This study proposed to pursue a more comprehensive understanding of factors that affected individual risk perception to nuclear power plants. Covariance structure analysis was conducted using risk perceptions of nuclear power as dependent variable and including interest and knowledge levels of nuclear power, acceptability, benefit perception, trust in nuclear power operation, and trust in government as independent variables. The use of the hypothesis of Elaboration likelihood model (ELM) was also proposed. The results showed that persons with higher levels of interest and knowledge of nuclear power had their own perceptions of risk closely associated with acceptability and potential benefits of nuclear power. In contrast, persons with no interest in and knowledge of nuclear power would have risk perceptions related to their trust in nuclear operation and the government, which partially supported the ELM hypothesis. All these results indicated that the government in China plays an important role in rational risk perceptions, and well-designed communication of risks will help the public to be involved in risk management and improve people’s rational acceptance of risk.     

Influence of coal particles on methane/air mixture ignition in a heated environment

The temperature at which coal dust glows is normally much lower than the auto-ignition temperature (AIT) of methane/air mixtures, and thus a better understanding is needed regarding methane/air ignition in a heated environment in the presence of coal particles. A horizontal tube apparatus was used to test the effect of brown coal and two kinds of bituminous and anthracite on methane/air combustibility. For the four coal samples tested, the presence of coal particles significantly reduced the minimum temperature for ignition of methane/air mixtures in a heated environment. No. 1 bituminous coal with 12 mm diameter decreased the ignition temperature value from 595 to 500 °C. It is thought that pre-ignition of low-AIT volatiles emitted from the heated coal particles ignited the methane/air mixtures. Volatiles, sulfur content, and large porosity of piled coal particles all enhanced ignition of methane/air mixtures in a hot environment, while water content and small particle size reduced ignition. For anthracite, no ignition occurred when temperatures of the heated environment were lower than the AIT of methane (595 °C), except for the 12-mm-diameter sample. Anthracite did not readily ignite methane/air mixtures and the ignition mechanism was somewhat similar to that of a burning cigarette.     

人体装甲测试用模拟破片的应用与发展

模拟破片是人体装甲防弹性能测试评价的主要试验弹体.本文对人体装甲和模拟破片进行了阐释,分析了模拟破片的应用背景,对国内外现状进行了对比分析,对标准模拟破片的确定以及爆炸破片的发展进行了探讨,提出了开展新型模拟破片及其测试技术研究的重要意义.