应急财产征用补偿若干问题探讨

突发事件应对工作,是关系国家经济社会发展全局和人民群众生命财产安全的大事,是全面贯彻落实科学发展观、构建社会主义和谐社会的重要内容。《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》为处置突发事件提供了法律依据,标志着应急管理工作步入法制化轨道。为了增强突发事件的应对能力,     

Ultrafine particle emission characteristics of diesel engine by on-board and test bench measurement

This study investigated the emission characteristics of ultrafine particles based on test bench and on-board measurements. The bench test results showed the ultrafine particle number concentration of the diesel engine to be in the range of (0.56-8.35) × 10⁸ cm^-3. The on-board measurement results illustrated that the ultrafine particles were strongly correlated with changes in real-world driving cycles. The particle number concentration was down to 2.0 × 10⁶ cm^-3 and 2.7 × 10⁷ cm^-3 under decelerating and idling operations and as high as 5.0 × 10⁸ cm^-3 under accelerating operation. It was also indicated that the particle number measured by the two methods increased with the growth of engine load at each engine speed in both cases. The particle number presented a "U" shaped distribution with changing speed at high engine load conditions, which implies that the particle number will reach its lowest level at medium engine speeds. The particle sizes of both measurements showed single mode distributions. The peak of particle size was located at about 50-80 nm in the accumulation mode particle range. Nucleation mode particles will significantly increase at low engine load operations like idling and decelerating caused by the high concentration of unburned organic compounds.     

温度和停留时间对DDT污染土壤热脱附效果的影响

采用热处理方法分别对自配DDT及其衍生物(DDTs,包括p,p'-DDT、o,p'-DDT、p,p'-DDD和p,p'-DDE)污染土壤在5个温度(100,200,300,400,500℃),6个停留时间(5,10,20,30,40,50 min)下的DDTs去除率及热处理前后的DDTs残留浓度变化进行了研究。研究结果表明:热脱附对DDTs污染土壤修复效果显著。当温度达到300℃以上时,热脱附技术的优势开始显现。300℃下40 min时的DDTs去除率与400℃及500℃处理10 min时相当,均能达到97%以上。对热处理前后土壤中DDTs的残留浓度进行检测,结果表明:土壤中的主要污染成分p,p'-DDT在200℃以上时大量减少,主要转化为p,p'-DDE。p,p'-DDE在200～300℃时大量生成,400～500℃被去除。根据能耗分析结果得出较佳热处理条件为400℃,10 min。     

城市污染河湖的综合整治技术及应用研究

分析了城市污染河流和湖泊污染的原因,将污染河流和湖泊治理的方法分为＂物理法、化学法、生物法、生态法＂共四大类,介绍了常用技术方法的原理和特点。根据河流和湖泊的污染现状和治理目标,提出了城市污染河湖的综合整治分为＂治理＂与＂生态修复＂两个阶段,探讨了采用＂截污、清淤、曝气、生物载体、水生植物＂等综合应用技术治理河湖的必要性和迫切性,并结合近年来国内河湖综合整治的典型案例,总结了河湖整治过程的＂基础措施＂和＂关键措施＂。     

生物物种信息平台建设进展研究

信息技术的突飞猛进和互联网的迅速扩张,为生物多样性信息的收集、存储、提交、检索、分析、传播和使用带来了革命性的发展。生物多样性数据和信息服务的内容逐步从单一的名录数据库建设转向为多学科交叉的综合信息服务平台。本文结合国家生物多样性保护专项,在介绍国内外主流生物多样性信息平台建设现状的基础上,分析了我国现有平台存在的问题,并对下一步如何完善和推进平台应用进行探讨。     

日本、韩国环保产业发展经验对中国的借鉴

节能环保产业作为战略性新兴产业的七大重点领域之一,新形势下发展具备有利条件,特别是十二五以来我国环保产业得到了飞速发展,但是由于体制机制、技术、市场等多方面原因环保产业发展也面临诸多挑战和障碍。日本与韩国,环保产业已进入技术成熟期。逐渐成为本国国民经济的支柱产业和世界环保市场的主力,借鉴日韩环保产业的发展经验,提出中国推动环保产业发展的对策建议。     

国内首个MW级分布式能源系统烟囱合理性分析

介绍了分布式能源系统的构成、运行特点及技术发展情况,研究了国内首个MW级分布式供能系统工程的烟囱高度和形式,预测和分析了项目大气污染物对环境的影响,证明了该项目烟囱选择的合理性,为下阶段国内分布式能源系统烟囱选型奠定技术基础。     

Degradation kinetics and mechanism of aniline by heat-assisted persulfate oxidation

Oxidation of aniline by persulfate in aqueous solutions was investigated and the reaction kinetic rates under different temperature, persulfate concentration and pH conditions were examined in batch experiments. The results showed that, the aniline degradation followed pseudo first-order reaction model. Aniline degradation rate increased with increasing temperature or persulfate concentration. In the pH range of 3 to 11, a low aniline degradation rate was obtained at strong acid system (pH 3), while a high degradation rate was achieved at strong alkalinity (pH 11). Maximum aniline degradation occurred at pH 7 when the solution was in a weak level of acid and alkalinity (pH 5, 7 and 9). Produced intermediates during the oxidation process were identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. And nitrobenzene, 4-4’-diaminodiphenyl and 1-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylhydrazine have been identified as the major intermediates of aniline oxidation by persulfate and the degradation mechanism of aniline was also tentatively proposed.     

双季稻田CH4和N2 O排放特征及品种筛选研究

通过大田小区实验,采用静止箱-气相色谱法对早晚两季水稻品种CH4与N2O排放通量进行了观测.结果表明,早稻CH4排放季节变化呈单峰模式,N2O排放呈双峰模式;晚稻CH4与N2O排放季节变化均呈单峰模式.CH4、N2O季节平均排放通量品种间均存在显著差异(P<0.05).早稻品种CH4、N2O季节平均排放通量极差分别为0.58 mg.(m2.h)-1、5.89μg.(m2.h)-1,晚稻为4.06 mg.(m2.h)-1、5.70μg.(m2.h)-1;早稻品种温室气体排放的增温潜势、单位产量增温潜势极差分别为2.92 kg.hm-2、0.097 kg.kg-1,晚稻分别为2 256 kg.hm-2、0.28 kg.kg-1.增温潜势、单位产量增温潜势比较,常规稻>超级杂交稻>杂交稻.早稻无水稻种植区CH4、N2O季节排放通量分别是水稻种植区的27.1%～31.8%、33.6%～88.3%;晚稻分别是23.8%～28.8%、38.6%～45.3%.早稻适宜种植品种为陆两优819、金优402、湘早籼24号,晚稻品种为岳优9113、湘晚籼12号.