广州白云国际机场航空垃圾的处理及处置对策

广州白云国际机场是国家三大枢纽机场之一,随着广州白云国际机场航空事业的发展,航空垃圾的排放量越来越大,品种愈来愈多,对环境的影响也越来越明显。本文针对广州白云国际机场航空垃圾的产生情况、航空垃圾的处理现状进行分析,并对其将来航空垃圾的处理处置情况提出对策和建议。     

基于遥感监测的黄海绿潮漂移路径及分布面积特征分析

本文利用2008～2012年的多源卫星遥感序列图像,动态监测各年绿潮发生的漂移路径、影响海域面积,得到各年绿潮漂移趋势、分布面积和最大分布面积出现时间。根据监测结果,划分出影响绿潮漂移路径的关键区域,并分析了2008、2009和2010年关键区域内各年绿潮漂移方向和面积变化情况。     

智能化系统在自燃温度测试中的设计和应用

为降低液体自燃温度测试过程中的操作危险,准确判定自燃现象发生及温度,减少繁琐的手工操作,参照ASTME659—78（2005）、GB/T21791-2008及GB／T21860-2008标准,设计了一套智能自燃温度测试系统。采用操作微机软件控制炉体升降温、自动进样泵进样、温度采集、自燃现象拍摄、尾气抽滤等过程,实现自燃温度测试从开始进样到吹扫尾气全流程的自动化;利用设计系统测试乙醇、丙酮等5种常见物质的自燃温度,测试结果与文献值的相对标准偏差不超过2．0％。结果表明所设计系统操作方便快捷、安全实用、结果准确。     

广西邦亮东黑冠长臂猿栖息地的气候资源分析

气候资源是影响动物行为、发育、存活、繁殖与分布等的重要因子。为了探明广西邦亮东黑冠长臂猿栖息地的气候环境特征,对其栖息地附近县(乡)的主要气象要素进行统计与分析。结果表明:广西邦亮东黑冠长臂猿栖息地年均日照时数为1 521.8小时,月变幅为25.44%;年均气温为19.1℃,最冷月平均气温为11.0℃,最热月平均气温为25.0℃;年均降雨量为1 606.3 mm,月变幅为86.05%;年均蒸发量为1 507.1 mm,月变幅为28.06%;年均相对湿度为80%,月变幅为2.60%;年均风速为1.5 m/s,月变幅为15.4%。     

CE-QUAL-W2模型在上海市大型饮用水水库中的应用

通过二维纵向横向平均水动力学和水质模型（CE-QUAL-W2模型）来模拟上海大型饮用水水库的水质状况。模型初步模拟了该水库中不同深度水层的水质状况,使用2011年1月到2011年11月单月（包含一年四季代表性）的数据对模型主要参数进行校正。结果显示,水质状况的模型计算值与实测值比较接近,与实际情况较吻合,AME和RMS值较好,预测该水库的水质是Ⅰ～Ⅱ类。通过本文对该（CE-QUAL-W2模型）的应用得出的结果显示,该模型也适合模拟一些具有湖泊特性的河流,尤其适用于对水体的水质评估。     

Characterization of chlorine dioxide as disinfectant for the removal of low concentration microcystins

Microcystins, which represents one kind of cancerogenic organic compounds, is abundant in eutrophication water. The effects of reaction factors on chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) for removal of low-concentration Microcystin-LR, Microcystin-RR, and Microcystin-YR in water as well as the reaction mechanisms was investigated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR could be efficiently decomposed by ClO₂. The degradation efficiency was shown positively correlated to the concentration of ClO₂ and reaction time; while the effect of reaction temperature and pH is slight. The kinetic constants and activation energies of the reaction of MC-LR, MC-RR, and MC-YR with ClO₂ are determined as 459.89, 583.15, 488.43 L·(mol·min)⁻¹ and 64.78, 53.01, 59.15 kJ·mol⁻¹, respectively. As indicated by high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometer (HPLC-MS) analysis, degradation should be accomplished via destruction of Adda group by oxidation, with the formation of dihydroxy substituendums as end products. This study has provided a fundamental demonstration of ClO₂ serving as oxidizing disinfectant to eliminate microcystins from raw water source.     

220kV变压器噪声及其传播特性浅析

变压器噪声呈中低频特性,距离衰减率低,传播影响范围大。通过对上海某220kV露天变电站变压器噪声的实测数据进行简要分析,论述了220kV变压器噪声的强度及其频率特性,并探讨了变压器噪声在不同距离范围内的传播衰减特性。     

Aerobic granules cultivated and operated in continuous-flow bioreactor under particle-size selective pressure

A novel method based on the selective pressure of particle size （particle-size cultivation method, PSCM） was developed for the cultivation and operation of aerobic granular sludge in a continuous-flow reactor, and compared with the conventional method based on the selective pressure of settling velocity （settling-velocity cultivation method, SVCM）. Results indicated that aerobic granules could be cultivated in continuous operation mode by this developed method within 14 days. Although in the granulation process, under particle-size selective pressure, mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） in the reactor fluctuated greatly and filamentous bacteria dominated the sludge system during the initial operation days, no obvious difference in profile was found between the aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM and SVCM. Moreover, aerobic granules cultivated by PSCM presented larger diameter, lower water content and higher specific rates of nitrification, denitrifieation and phosphorus removal, but lower settling velocity. Under long term operation of more than 30 days, aerobic granules in the continuous-flow reactor could remain stable and obtain good chemical oxygen demand （COD）, NH4^＋-N, total nitrogen （TN） and total phosphorus （TP） removal. The results indicate that PSCM was dependent on the cultivation and maintenance of the stability of aerobic granules in continuous-flow bioreactors.     

南京市氮氧化物排放行业分布特征及减排对策

采用污染源普查资料与实地调查相结合的方法,对南京市各行业氮氧化物(NOx)排放源及排放量进行调查和梳理。结果表明:各行业NO x排放分担率依次为电力41%、机动车25%、钢铁10%、水泥9%、石化7%、其它工业5%、居民生活3%。针对南京市现状,对重点排放源提出了NO x减排措施与对策。     

国内首个MW级分布式能源系统烟囱合理性分析

介绍了分布式能源系统的构成、运行特点及技术发展情况,研究了国内首个MW级分布式供能系统工程的烟囱高度和形式,预测和分析了项目大气污染物对环境的影响,证明了该项目烟囱选择的合理性,为下阶段国内分布式能源系统烟囱选型奠定技术基础。