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651.
Distribution and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in wild fish species from Dianchi Lake, China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Liu J Wang R Huang B Lin C Wang Y Pan X 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2815-2822
The distribution and bioaccumulation of steroidal and phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) were studied in various tissues of wild fish species from Dianchi Lake, China. In muscle tissue, 4-tert-octylphenol, 4-cumylphenol, 4-nonlyphenol and bisphenol A were detected in fish from each sampling site, with maximal concentrations of 4.6, 4.4, 18.9 and 83.5 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. Steroids (estrone, 17β-estradiol 17α-ethynylestradiol and estriol) were found at lower levels (<11.3 ng/g dw) and less frequently in muscle samples. The highest concentrations of steroids and phenols were found in liver, followed by those in gill and the lowest concentration was found in muscle. The field bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of phenols were calculated in fish species ranged from 18 to 97. Moreover, the measured tissue concentrations were utilized in order to estimate water concentration of steroids (4.4-18.0 ng/L). These results showed that steroidal and phenolic EDCs were likely ubiquitous contaminants in wild fish. 相似文献
652.
污泥转移SBR工艺处理低浓度生活污水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
污泥转移SBR工艺是一种通过内部污泥回流实现污泥在不同SBR隔室间转移,从而增加污泥利用效率,提高系统除污效能的新工艺。以设计规模为240 m3/d、处理低浓度生活污水的工艺系统为对象,研究了新工艺在不同泥转移量(污泥回流比)下的除污性能,并与系统以传统SBR方式运行的情况进行了对比。结果表明,新工艺可以有效提高SBR反应器的容积利用率;采用30%的污泥回流比进行污泥转移,新工艺的处理能力比传统SBR工艺提高近1/2,除磷效率从46%提升至85%。出水各项水质指标均能达到国家排放标准的要求。 相似文献
653.
Ozonation of pentachlorophenol in unsaturated soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A heterogeneous model was developed to describe interactions between ozone and hydrophobic organic compounds, exemplified by pentachlorophenol, in highly gas-saturated vadose zones where water moisture was limited to a thin film on soil particle surfaces. The soil was assumed to be free of soil organic matter. The model included a set of transient equations considering diffusion with simultaneous chemical reaction and hydrophobic partitioning. From dimensionless analysis, it was found that the film concentrations of ozone and the hydrophobic organic component were dependent on the Damk?hler numbers. Effects of Damk?hler numbers on the film profiles of components were examined. With the interfacial flux of ozone calculated from film profiles, dimensionless governing equations of ozone transport and contaminant removal across an experimental column were established. These equations were dependent on the Stanton number. One-dimensional column experiments were conducted to test the model. The optimal time for flow rate adjustment during the process was approximated. Finally, effects of ozone velocity and ozone gas concentration on the Stanton number were evaluated. 相似文献
654.
企业通过建立ISO14001环境管理体系(EMS),即可以提升企业的社会形象,也能更好帮助企业实现其承担的社会责任.在实践中,明确组织的环境因素是建立符合、有效的EMS的基础,也是组织进行环境规划活动的首要步骤.本文将以某外商独资企业为例,基于该类高附价值产品的制造企业特点,建立了环境因素识别的输入输出模型来全面识别环境因素,并分析了其对企业带来的相关环境影响.最后本文讨论了企业的节能减排案例,以及相关方的环境因素的影响和管理. 相似文献
655.
基于能值理论的农田—畜禽生产系统可持续动态 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
为了解我国东南丘陵山区农业生产动态及其可持续性,以福建典型山区德化县为例,构建废弃物能值比例、环境污染能值负产出等指标,运用能值理论定量分析德化县2007—2016年农田—畜禽生产系统投入产出、环境负荷及可持续性的变化。结果表明:德化县农田—畜禽生产系统能值投入以购买能值为主,占能值总投入的68%~79%,水资源能值约占21%~31%;畜禽子系统能值产出占72%以上;能值密度在2.68×1012~3.33×1012 sej·m-2之间波动上升,净能值产出率下降40%,环境负荷明显加重,2015年以来有所减轻;可持续发展指数在2007—2010年短暂上升后快速下降,由1.14降至0.42。从构建的指标来看,系统废弃物能值比例有所下降,环境污染能值产出减少约22%,综合经济效益和废弃物利用情况,近年来可持续发展状况逐渐好转。德化县目前正处于农田—畜禽系统产出结构调整期,应增加系统内部反馈能值用量,控制化肥、饲料投入,提高废弃物利用率,以实现可持续发展。 相似文献
656.
细菌SOD对微生物紫外光辐射损伤的恢复作用 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
将培养至对数中期的大肠杆菌、钝齿棒杆菌和啤酒酵母等3种微生物的细胞适度稀释液,分别涂布于培养皿上使受紫外光照射,在细胞受辐射后死亡率大于90%时停止照射,立即加入一定剂量的细菌超氧化物岐化酶(SOD),以观察SOD对微生物活力的恢复效应.结果表明,SOD可使受辐照的细胞存活率显著提高,且量效关系明显,而照前添加SOD则无上述效应.检测表明,紫外光照射可引发细菌的超弱发光,且该种超弱发光可因氧气的充入而瞬间增强,鲁米诺也能增强这种超弱发光,加入甘露醇对发光无影响.当紫外光照射后加入SOD能使发光强度大为减弱,表明此种超弱发光与的活动有关,并对SOD拮抗紫外线杀菌的机理作了讨论. 相似文献
657.
Huang SW Hsu BM Su YJ Ji DD Lin WC Chen JL Shih FC Kao PM Chiu YC 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2776-2783
Purpose
The high incidences of waterborne diseases are frequently associated with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC). DEC may pose a health risk to people who contact surface water for recreation or domestic use. However, there is no published report on the monitoring of DEC in drinking water sources in Taiwan. In this study, the occurrence of DEC genes in raw water for water treatment plants in Taiwan was investigated.Method
Raw water samples were taken from water treatment plants adjacent to the Kaoping River in southern Taiwan. Each water sample was treated with membrane filtration followed by DNA extraction from the concentrate and concentrate enrichment, respectively. The target genes for various DEC strains of genes were identified, including enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC).Results
Among 55 water samples analyzed, DEC genes were detected in 16 (29.1%) samples. Strain-specific genes for EAEC, EHEC, EIEC, and EPEC were found in the percentages of 3.6%, 10.9%, 9.1%, and 9.1%, respectively. The specific gene for ETEC is not detected in the study. By looking at the presence/absence of specific genes and water sample characteristics, water temperature was found to differ significantly between samples with and without EHEC gene. In addition, pH levels differed significantly for EHEC and EPEC presence/absence genes, and turbidity was significantly different for water with and without EPEC genes.Conclusion
DEC genes were detected in 29.1% of the raw water samples in the study location. The potential health threat may be increased if the treatment efficiencies are not properly maintained. Routine monitoring of DEC in drinking water sources should be considered. 相似文献658.
659.
660.
HungMin Chein Tzu Ming Chen Shankar Gopala Aggarwal Chuen-Jinn Tsai Chun-Chao Huang 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(2):218-228
Abstract A huge amount of inorganic acids can be produced and emitted with waste gases from integrated circuit manufacturing processes such as cleaning and etching. Emission of inorganic acids from selected semiconductor factories was measured in this study. The sampling of the inorganic acids was based on the porous metal denuders, and samples were then analyzed by ion chromatography. The amount of chemical usage was adopted from the data that were reported to the Environmental Protection Bureau in Hsin-chu County according to the Taiwan Environmental Protection Agency regulation. The emission factor is defined as the emission rate (kg/month) divided by the amount of chemical usage (L/month). Emission factors of three inorganic acids (i.e., hydrofluoric acid [HF], hydrochloric acid [HQ], and sulfuric acid [H2SO4]) were estimated by the same method. The emission factors of HF and HCl were determined to be 0.0075 kg/L (coefficient of variation [CV] = 60.7%, n = 80) and 0.0096 kg/L (CV = 68.2%, n = 91), respectively. Linear regression equations are proposed to fit the data with correlation coefficient square (R2) = 0.82 and 0.9, respectively. The emission factor of H2SO4, which is in the droplet form, was determined to be 0.0016 kg/L (CV = 99.2%, n = 107), and its R2 was 0.84. The emission profiles of gaseous inorganic acids show that HF is the dominant chemical in most of the fabricators. 相似文献