硼泥吸附水中酚的研究

经加热活化处理的硼泥,用于处理50mg/L的含酚废水,加入量为1％时,最佳吸附酚的pH为2～4,去除率为32％;加入量为5％时,去除率最好可达60％。吸附平衡浓度与吸附量关系符合Lanmuir吸附等温式,其20.0、25.0、30.0℃时的饱和吸附量分别为3.25、2.50、1.75mg/g,其吸附速度符合鲛岛吸附动力学方程。通过活性硼泥的红外光谱和Ｘ射线衍射图,探讨了吸附机理。     

生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气

在常温条件下,采用生物滴滤塔处理模拟甲硫醚废气,考察了气体空床停留时间(EBRT)、容积负荷、喷淋密度及营养液pH对生物滴滤塔性能的影响。实验结果表明:当EBRT为90 s、进气甲硫醚质量浓度为150 mg/m~3、喷淋密度为0.65 m~3/(m~2·h),营养液pH为6.8时,甲硫醚去除率为90%;容积负荷高于15 g/(m~3·h)时,对生物滴滤塔的性能产生抑制作用;EBRT为90 s及60 s时,最佳喷淋密度分别为0.56~0.65 m~3/(m~2·h)及0.65~0.75 m~3/(m~2·h);降解甲硫醚的微生物对pH的变化较敏感,最适营养液pH为6~7。     

种植密度和降水对冬小麦田N2O排放的影响

为研究种植密度对农田N2O排放的影响和探讨N₂O排放季节性波动的原因,于1999～2000年小麦生长季在南京市郊江宁县进行了不同播种量(0、90、180和270kg/hm²)的大田试验.观测分析结果表明:在相同的气象条件和田间管理下,播种～越冬阶段的N₂O排放不受播种量的影响,返青～成熟阶段的N₂O排放通量与播种量成正比.裸地条件下的N₂O排放与播量为90kg/hm²下的排放无明显差异.造成该生长季内N₂O排放季节性波动的主要原因是降水,返青～成熟阶段的N₂O排放通量随观测日前6d的加权平均降水量呈指数增加.     

论江西省田塍资源及其开发利用

田塍是耕地资源的重要组成部分。江西地处长江中下游南岸，田塍资源丰富，条件优越，具有很大的生产潜力。本文分析了江西田塍资源的现状和特点，阐述了开发利用田塍资源的必要性和优越性；提出了开发利用江西田塍资源的若干建议。     

不同臭氧催化氧化体系处理老龄垃圾渗滤液的效果及能耗分析

老龄垃圾渗滤液因其成分复杂且可生化性差,故传统技术无法对其进行有效降解,且利用臭氧催化氧化体系处理垃圾渗滤液缺乏系统性评估报道。为解决上述问题,采用臭氧/过二硫酸盐(${{\rm{S}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_8^{2 - }}$,PS)、臭氧/过一硫酸盐(${\rm{HS}}{{\rm{O}}_5^ -} $,PMS)和臭氧/过氧化氢(H₂O₂)氧化体系,探讨了处理老龄垃圾渗滤液的可行性,考察了初始pH、温度、O₃及H₂O₂、Na₂S₂O₈、KHSO₅的投加量等因素对其处理效果的影响,并对其能源效率进行了分析。结果表明,优化条件下,O₃/PMS、O₃/H₂O₂和O₃/PS的单位数量级能耗(electrical energy per order,EE/O)分别为1 007.5、1 233.7、662.6 kWh·m⁻³,O₃/PMS氧化体系处理老龄垃圾渗滤液的效果与O₃/H₂O₂氧化体系相似,且优于O₃/PS。由综合处理效果与能耗评估结果可知,O₃/H₂O₂氧化体系最佳,在温度为25 ℃,pH=6,O₃和H₂O₂投加量分别为3 g·h⁻¹和2 125 mg·L⁻¹,反应时间为60 min条件下,能耗最低,EE/O降至443.9 kWh·m⁻³,且TOC去除率和反应速率常数分别为27.1%和0.005 3 min⁻¹,BOD₅/COD也由0.18增至0.26。综合上述结果,基于臭氧体系的高级氧化法能耗较高,可将臭氧催化氧化与低成本的生物处理技术相结合,从而实现对污染物高效经济降解。上述研究结果可为臭氧高级氧化技术的工程化应用提供参考。     

Use of historical and contemporary distribution of mammals in China to inform conservation

A systematic understanding of dynamic animal extinction trajectories for different regions in a nation like China is critically important to developing practical conservation strategies. We explored historical and contemporary changes in terrestrial mammalian diversity to determine how diversity in each of the 5 regions in China has changed over time and to examine the conservation potential of these regions. We used records from databases on Pleistocene mammalian fossils and historical distribution records (1175–2020) for Primates (as a case study) to reconstruct evolutionary and historical distribution trajectories of the 11 orders of terrestrial mammals and to predict their prospective survival based on the national conservation strategy applied. The results indicated that since the Pleistocene, 4–5 mammalian orders have been lost in the northeast, 3 in central China, 2 along the coast, and 1 in the northwest. In the southwest, all 11 orders were maintained. Contemporarily, the coast and southwest had the highest and second-highest species densities. The southwest region and southeastern sections of the northwest region were the most historically and contemporarily diverse areas, which suggests that they should be the first priority for protected area (PA) designation. The central and coastal areas should be secondarily prioritized. In these 2 regions, conservation should focus on human coexistence with nature. Less attention should be paid to the PA in the northeast and western northwest because in these areas ecosystems are depauperate and the climate is harsh. Conservation in these areas should focus principally on avoiding further human encroachment on natural areas. Article impact statement: Historical and contemporary patterns of extinction can be a basis for mammalian conservation strategies.     

Ecological Survey of Coastal I Water Adjacent to Nuclear Power I Plants in Taiwan

A total of six nuclear reactors installed in three power plants, two along the northern and one along the southern coasts of Taiwan, started their operations one after another since October 1977. Owing to the large quantities of cooling water intake into and discharge from the plants, some environmental factors such as water temperature, chlorine, environmental radioactivity and nearshore currents may be significantly changed. Variations of these abiotic environmental factors may influence the biological activities in the ecosystem, particularly doing some kinds of damage to marine biological resources. Therefore, the possible environmental impact upon the biological systems including the fishery resources along the northern and southern coasts of Taiwan should be studied before and during the plant operation.

We have started the long-term programmes of biological, chemical and hydro-graphical surveys of the nuclear power plant sites on both northern (since July 1974) and southern (since July 1979) coasts of Taiwan. the survey items include ocean currents, physical and chemical properties of sea water, primary productivity, specific compositions and interspecific relationships among phyto- and zooplankton, algae, invertebrates, corals, and fishes; and radionuclides in water and biological specimens, and fishery statistics. in general, except for a few events, the operations of the six units of nuclear power plants have not produced detectable effects on the marine ecosystem. Radio activity levels and radionuclides in water and the biological specimens remained the same as background levels throughout the survey period. However, the events of coral bleaching and fish body anomalies caused by thermal discharges were observed respectively along the outlets of third and second Nuclear Power Plants. the purposes of this paper are to report and evaluate these two events during the operations of nuclear power plants in Taiwan.     

Gig work and gig workers: An integrative review and agenda for future research

Gig workers have become an important component of the contemporary workforce and have generated extensive interest among researchers. The purpose of this article is to provide an integrative review of the literature on gig workers. Consistent with the more recent studies, we adopt a broad definition of gig work, which is characterized by the temporary nature of the work, project-based compensation, work flexibility, and non-membership in an organization. We first discuss the major themes in the literature based on an input–process–output framework. Specifically, we review what factors drive individuals to engage in gig work, how gig work impacts gig workers based on four theoretical approaches, and what outcomes individuals experience as a result of engaging in gig work. Based on the literature review, we highlight six future research agendas. We also discuss practical implications for gig workers, traditional organizations, digital labor platforms, and society.     

以不同底物和苯胺为燃料的微生物燃料电池的产电特性

通过构建空气阴极型双室微生物燃料电池,研究了以500 mg/L苯胺作为唯一燃料以及苯胺和不同底物共基质时MFC对苯胺的降解特性及MFC的产电性能。结果表明,在外电阻1000Ω,以500 mg/L苯胺为唯一燃料以及500 mg/L苯胺分别和500 mg/L乙酸钠,葡萄糖和可溶性淀粉作为共同基时的MFC运行周期分别为3、3.4、4.6和5 d;最大输出电压分别为273、450、428和380 mV;输出功率分别为142、225、201和160 mW/m2。苯胺去除率分别为68%、85.8%、71%和65%。内阻分别为931、524、564和751Ω,COD去除率分别为68%、85%、72%和65%。库伦效率分别为1.8%、7.9%、6.6%和4.5%。MFC可以使用苯胺作为唯一燃料,且当添加的基质不同时,MFC产电性能以及苯胺降解状况有所不同。利用MFC可以使苯胺高效快速降解的同时实现稳定的电压输出。     

垂直流人工湿地启动期基质酶的时空变化

为了解垂直流人工湿地系统中基质酶在去污效果中的作用及其随基质深度和运行时间的变化规律,设置3个垂直流人工湿地系统:种植皇竹草的A系统,种植象草的B系统,以及不种植物的C系统。分别监测3个系统不同基质深度与不同运行时间条件下脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶和纤维素酶的变化规律,以及这几种酶与TN、TP、COD、NH4+-N 和NO3--N污染物之间的相关性。实验结果表明,上述5种酶都表现出随着基质深度增加而减少的趋势,且上层0~30 cm处的基质酶活性极显著高于中层和底层的酶活性,此外,种植能源植物的A、B系统基质酶活性都高于不种植物C系统,说明湿地中污染物的去除主要集中在上层基质,种植能源植物能够有效促进微生物的活性,增加胞外酶的分泌,提高人工湿地对污染物的去除效果,可为优化人工湿地除污效果以及湿地植物的选择提供理论依据。