Effect of reclaimed water effluent on bacterial community structure in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil of urbanized riverside wetland, China

In order to evaluate the impact of reclaimed water on the ecology of bacterial communities in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil,bacterial community structure was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S rRNA gene clone library. The results revealed significant spatial variation of bacterial communities along the river from upstream and downstream. For example,a higher relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi and a lower proportion ofβ-Proteobacteria and ε-Proteobacteria was detected at the downstream site compared to the upstream site. Additionally,with an increase of the reclaimed water interference intensity,the rhizosphere bacterial community showed a decrease in taxon richness,evenness and diversity. The relative abundance of bacteria closely related to the resistant of heavy-metal was markedly increased,while the bacteria related for carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus/sulfur cycling wasn't strikingly changed. Besides that,the pathogenic bacteria markedly increased in the downstream rhizosphere soil since reclaimed water supplement,while the possible plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria obviously reduced in the downstream sediment.Together these data suggest cause and effect between reclaimed water input into the wetland,shift in bacterial communities through habitat change,and alteration of capacity for biogeochemical cycling of contaminants.     

克螨特和霸螨灵及其混剂对土壤微生物的影响及安全评价

通过模拟试验研究了杀螨剂克螨特、霸螨灵及其混剂速霸螨(霸螨灵:克螨特=1:3)对土壤呼吸作用的影响.结果表明,克螨特、霸螨灵及其混剂对土壤的呼吸作用均有一定的影响,表现为各浓度处理对土壤呼吸作用均具有抑制作用,且浓度越高抑制越明显.统计分析表明霸螨灵、克螨特及其混剂各浓度处理对土壤微生物的活动没有明显的影响.采用危害系数法来评价克螨特、霸螨灵及其混剂速霸螨的危害程度,各处理浓度的霸螨灵、霸螨灵及其混剂速霸螨的危害系数均不超过20,亦表明霸螨灵、霸螨灵及其混剂速霸螨对土壤微生物均属于低毒级或无实际危害级的农药.     

曝气调节-水解酸化-生物接触氧化工艺处理城镇生活污水

介绍了采用曝气调节-水解酸化-两级生物接触氧化为主的工艺处理城镇生活污水的工程实例。经过调试运行,污水处理系统运行稳定,工艺运行成本低,污染物处理效果好。其中COD、BOD5、SS与氨氮去除率均在85%以上,出水水质优于GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》一级排放标准。     

基于循环特性的镍氢和锂离子电池环境影响机制分析

为了了解镍氢电池和锂离子电池在生产、使用、废弃或回收过程中的环境影响,建立了一种简单快速的二次电池环境影响机制分析方法。通过生命周期评价(LCA)方法,采用Eco-indicator99体系,综合考虑电池循环容量衰减和循环次数的影响,建立了二次电池环境影响机制分析模型,并运用此模型对两种实验用二次电池(镍氢电池和锂离子电池)的环境影响机制进行了研究。结果表明:1)在所选取的两种二次电池当中,锂离子(Li-ion)电池的环境影响明显比镍氢(Ni-MH)电池的低;2)随着循环次数的增加Li-ion电池环境影响衰减比Ni-MH电池的明显,即随着使用循环次数的增加,Li-ion电池对环境的影响会降低到更多。综合来说,所选取的Li-ion电池比Ni-MH电池更具环境可持续性。文中所提出的环境影响机制分析模型同样可以应用于其他二次电池,以期为环境友好型二次电池的开发提供帮助。     

Fenton氧化对污泥脱水性能和溶解性物质作用效果的研究

研究了Fenton氧化技术在改善污泥脱水性能方面的效果,以污泥比阻和毛细吸水时间来表征污泥的脱水性能,探讨了体系的pH和反应时间对污泥脱水性能的影响以及Fenton氧化对污泥溶解性物质(SCOD+多聚糖+蛋白质)含量的影响研究表明,Fenton氧化能够明显改善污泥的脱水性能。在体系的pH=3时,反应1h后,Fenton氧化处理后污泥的CST从处理前的130.9s减少到19.7s,降幅85%;污泥SRF从处理前的3.58×108 s2/g降低到1.05×107 s2/g,降幅97%。同体系处理污泥SCOD、上清液中多聚糖和蛋白质的含量分别增加了3.7倍、2.6倍和1.5倍。     

Effects of cultivation on N2O emission and seasonal quantitative variations of related microbes in a temperate grassland soil

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Promoting effect of vanadium on catalytic activity of Pt/Ce–Zr–O diesel oxidation catalysts

A series of Pt–V/Ce–Zr–O diesel oxidation catalysts was prepared using the impregnation method. The catalytic activity and sulfur resistance of Pt–V/Ce–Zr–O were investigated in the presence of simulated diesel exhaust. The effect of vanadium on the structure and redox properties of the catalysts was also investigated using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method,X-ray diffraction, H2temperature-programmed reduction, CO temperature-programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Results showed that the Pt particles were well dispersed on the Ce–Zr–O carrier through the vanadium isolation effect, which significantly improved the oxidation activity toward CO and hydrocarbons. An electron-withdrawing phenomenon occurred from V to Pt, resulting in an increase in the metallic nature of platinum, which was beneficial to hydrocarbon molecular activation.     

宏观环境与攀枝花资源开发研究

攀枝花是我国＂资源聚宝盆和天然温室＂,国际市场和国内经济建设需要是攀枝花资源开发的重要前提。攀枝花经过２０多年建设,已经在资源开发方面打下了良好的基础。为了更好地开发攀枝花的资源,使之为国民经济建设发挥更重要的作用,促进长江产业带建设,需积极、有效地开发攀枝花的资源。文中列举了有关开发资源的重大项目和改善投资环境、人才环境所必须的基础设施。     

城市污染河湖的综合整治技术及应用研究

分析了城市污染河流和湖泊污染的原因,将污染河流和湖泊治理的方法分为＂物理法、化学法、生物法、生态法＂共四大类,介绍了常用技术方法的原理和特点。根据河流和湖泊的污染现状和治理目标,提出了城市污染河湖的综合整治分为＂治理＂与＂生态修复＂两个阶段,探讨了采用＂截污、清淤、曝气、生物载体、水生植物＂等综合应用技术治理河湖的必要性和迫切性,并结合近年来国内河湖综合整治的典型案例,总结了河湖整治过程的＂基础措施＂和＂关键措施＂。     

城市街区大气流动与汽车尾气扩散的三维数值模拟

道路交通已成为现代城市的主要污染源，利用数学模型预测汽车排放污染物对大气环境的影响成为主要手段。针对一个典型城市街区的大气流动和汽车排放物扩散问题进行三维数值模拟分析，揭示了污染物在不同高度建筑物。不同宽度街道和十字道路所组成的街区峡谷内外的大气流动和污染物迁移扩散特征，同时反映了街道走向的影响。研究表明：由于受街道布局和大气边界层的影响，污染物主要集中在街区峡谷内（特别是近地面附近)难以扩散，易造成局部高浓度污染；由于流场的非均匀性和三维特征，污染物浓度呈现非均匀扩散特性。