云南大气降水中δ18O与气象要素及水汽来源之间的关系

根据云南昆明、腾冲、蒙自三个地区在2009 年1 月至2011 年12 月3 a 间收集的大气降水以及相关气象要素资料,结合欧洲中期数值预报中心以及NCEP/NCAR提供的再分析资料,研究了天气尺度下三个地区大气降水中δ¹⁸O与降水量、温度、水汽压等气象要素之间的关系,并分析了δ¹⁸O与高空各气压层（800、700、500、300 hPa）风速的相关关系。结果表明：在天气尺度下,三个地区大气降水中δ¹⁸O与降水量、温度、水汽压均存在显著的负相关,表明三个地区大气降水中δ¹⁸O的变化具有显著的降水量效应、反温度效应以及湿度效应;同时,高空各气压层风速与δ¹⁸O之间存在正相关关系,表明高空风速也是影响大气降水中δ¹⁸O变化的一个重要因素。通过拉格朗日后向轨迹模型HYSPLIT 4.8 追踪三个地区水汽输送轨迹发现,三个地区大气降水的水汽来源基本一致,表明三地处在同一条水汽通道上。在湿季降水期间（5-9 月）,水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海以及南海等海域,降水中δ¹⁸O偏低;而在干季降水期间（10 月-翌年4月）,水汽主要来源于西风带携带的内陆水汽以及局地水汽再循环,降水中δ¹⁸O偏高。     

危险废物规范化管理措施研究

危险废物对人类和环境能产生极大的危害,具有"废物"和"资源"的双重属性。危险废物环境管理是从其产生、收集、贮存、转移、处置利用的全过程管理。文章阐述了危险废物的管理现状和特点,结合当前危险废物规范化管理面临的严峻形势,从完善法律法规体系、摸清危险废物底数、提升企业危险废物管理水平、推进危险废物处置项目建设、加强监管能力建设、加强宣传培训等方面提出了一些行之有效的合理化建议、对策,以更好地促进危险废物的管理工作。     

重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术研究进展探讨

大多数传统的重金属污染治理技术成本高,会引起土壤肥力下降,对各类生态系统造成负面影响。植物修复技术是一种成本低、环境友好的方法,不会对土壤性质和生态系统产生不利影响。文章综述了植物修复治理重金属污染土壤的研究进展,探讨如何通过采取物理、化学、生物技术及农艺措施等方法提高修复植物的生物量和重金属积累量并展望了今后的研究方向。     

大型河流大面积死鱼应急监测案例分析研究

以湖南湘江干流大面积死鱼突发环境事件为例,详细阐述了该事件开展应急监测的全过程,并就河流大面积死鱼突发环境事件应急监测方案、监测指标确定、原因分析等内容进行探讨。溶解氧低是死鱼的主要原因,而大体量低溶解氧污染团的形成与持续高温干旱天气、暴雨以及特殊的开闸放水方式有关。所分析的案例为死鱼事件应急监测工作提供借鉴和参考。     

碳排放现状及驱动因素分解实证分析研究——以东莞市为例

根据IPCC碳排放计算指南核算东莞市2005年-2011年期间能源消费的碳排放量,并进行现状分析和采用对数平均权重分解法（LMDI）因素分解分析.研究结果表明：碳排放总量以5.8％速度增长,而碳排放强度以5.8％速度递减;煤是碳排放主源,但所占比重逐年下降;工业碳排放量比重最大,但是增速减慢;交通业、服务业和居民生活碳排放量及所占比重逐年增加;经济规模的扩大是拉动东莞市人均碳排放的决定因素,累计效应远高于能源效率和能源结构对碳减排影响.     

磁性氮掺石墨烯活化过硫酸钾降解水中亚甲基蓝

活化过硫酸盐产生硫酸根自由基的高级氧化技术在水环境污染物治理中引起了广泛的关注和研究.本研究采用水热法制备磁性氮掺石墨烯(M-N-G)作为催化剂.利用SEM、BET、XRD和VSM等手段表征材料,系统研究了该材料活化过硫酸盐降解亚甲基蓝的效能.结果表明:M-N-G的比表面积为94.35 m2·g-1,磁性Fe3O4分布在材料表面,能有效的活化过硫酸钾降解亚甲基蓝.当催化剂的用量为200 mg·L~(-1),过硫酸钾浓度为0.4~0.5 mmol·L~(-1)时,在p H=3~6时对10 mg·L~(-1)亚甲基蓝的降解率达90%以上.体系温度在15~32℃时,降解速率常数在0.0227~0.0488 min-1,反应活化能为33.7 k J·mol-1.EPR分析及自由基漼灭实验证明了体系中有羟基自由基和硫酸根自由基产生.TOC分析结果表明:TOC去除率可达50%.M-N-G经过简单的稀硫酸和水洗后,可高效重复利用4次.该技术方法简单、高效、无二次污染,能为有机污染物废水处理提供一种新的方法选择.     

Health risks of heavy metals in contaminated soils and food crops irrigated with wastewater in Beijing, China

Consumption of food crops contaminated with heavy metals is a major food chain route for human exposure. We studied the health risks of heavy metals in contaminated food crops irrigated with wastewater. Results indicate that there is a substantial buildup of heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated soils, collected from Beijing, China. Heavy metal concentrations in plants grown in wastewater-irrigated soils were significantly higher (P相似文献   

Seasonal concentrations and partitioning of PAHs in a suburban site of Bursa, Turkey

Effects of space heating on atmospheric concentrations and gas-particle partitioning of PAHs were investigated in a suburban site of Bursa, Turkey. The average concentrations of ∑₁₅-PAHs in heating season samples were approximately 10 times higher than those of non-heating season samples. The plot of log K_p versus log P_L⁰ for all the data set gave significantly different slopes. The slope for the heating season (−0.75) samples was steeper than the one for the non-heating season (−0.64) samples. It was also observed that partitioning of PAHs for the non-heating season samples showed different characteristics depending on air parcel trajectories. Generally steeper slopes were obtained for the air parcels traveled across the Black sea and arrived to the sampling site from northern sector. On the other hand, the variations in slopes according to air mass origin were insignificant for the heating season samples. Local contributions from space heating are the reason for this observation.     

A directional passive air sampler for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass

A passive air sampler was developed for collecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass from various directions. The airflow velocity within the sampler was assessed for its responses to ambient wind speed and direction. The sampler was examined for trapped particles, evaluated quantitatively for influence of airflow velocity and temperature on PAH uptake, examined for PAH uptake kinetics, calibrated against active sampling, and finally tested in the field. The airflow volume passing the sampler was linearly proportional to ambient wind speed and sensitive to wind direction. The uptake rate for an individual PAH was a function of airflow velocity, temperature and the octanol-air partitioning coefficient of the PAH. For all PAHs with more than two rings, the passive sampler operated in a linear uptake phase for three weeks. Different PAH concentrations were obtained in air masses from different directions in the field test.     

黄孢原毛平革菌处理染料废水过程中细胞结构损伤效应研究

利用透射电子显微镜观察分析白腐真菌(黄孢原毛平革菌)在处理染料废水活性艳红X-3B过程中,染料和盐度对黄孢原毛平革菌的细胞结构产生的毒性作用.结果表明:活性艳红X-3B染料对黄孢原毛平革菌产生生物毒性作用,且随着染料浓度的增加,细胞受损伤程度不断加深.加入100 mg/L的染料活性艳红X-3B后,黄孢原毛平革菌菌丝细胞形态发生变化,出现质壁分离现象;染料浓度进一步加大,菌丝细胞超微结构受到损伤逐渐严重.染料废水中的盐度对黄孢原毛平革菌细胞也会造成损伤,且损伤程度随盐度增大而增大.NaCl浓度为3 g/L时,菌丝细胞发生质壁分离;而当NaCl加入量高于8 g/L时,细胞膜受损,线粒体、细胞核呈现空泡化,表现为受到不可逆的损伤.染料和盐双因子对黄孢原毛平革菌细胞的损伤效应表现为其损伤程度与单因子作用一致,且染料的影响作用占主导.