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861.
为了实现剩余污泥资源化,本实验采用了超声波破壁的预处理方式,构建了以剩余污泥破壁处理混合液为阳极液和以KMnO4溶液为阴极液的序批式双室微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cells,MFC).将MFC的输出功率密度和COD去除速率作为电池性能的考察指标,研究了超声预处理和投加污泥量对MFC性能的影响.结果表明,随着对投加污泥预处理比(超声预处理污泥量占投加污泥量的比例)和投加污泥浓度的上升,MFC的输出功率密度和COD去除速率也随之上升,在100%污泥预处理比下输出功率密度峰值为296 mW·m-2(Rext=1000 Ω);平均COD去除速率为90 mg·L-1·d-1.在投加污泥浓度为8000 mg·L-1时,输出功率密度峰值为476 mW·m-2(Rext=1000 Ω);平均COD去除速率为100 mg·L-1·d-1.由实验结果分析,采用超声波破壁预处理高浓度的剩余污泥作为燃料搭建MFC,可提高微生物燃料电池的产电性能和COD去除速率. 相似文献
862.
863.
864.
Longwu Wang Canchao Yang Anders P. Møller Wei Liang Xin Lu 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2015,69(11):1761-1767
865.
Christian Roos Ziming Wang ZuoFu Xiang Pingfen Zhu Boshi Wang Baoping Ren Fanglei Shi Huijuan Pan Ming Li 《Conservation biology》2015,29(6):1508-1517
Most of China's 24–28 primate species are threatened with extinction. Habitat reduction and fragmentation are perhaps the greatest threats. We used published data from a conservation genetics study of 5 endangered primates in China (Rhinopithecus roxellana, R. bieti, R. brelichi, Trachypithecus francoisi, and T. leucocephalus); distribution data on these species; and the distribution, area, and location of protected areas to inform conservation strategies for these primates. All 5 species were separated into subpopulations with unique genetic components. Gene flow appeared to be strongly impeded by agricultural land, meadows used for grazing, highways, and humans dwellings. Most species declined severely or diverged concurrently as human population and crop land cover increased. Nature reserves were not evenly distributed across subpopulations with unique genetic backgrounds. Certain small subpopulations were severely fragmented and had higher extinction risk than others. Primate mobility is limited and their genetic structure is strong and susceptible to substantial loss of diversity due to local extinction. Thus, to maximize preservation of genetic diversity in all these primate species, our results suggest protection is required for all sub‐populations. Key priorities for their conservation include maintaining R. roxellana in Shennongjia national reserve, subpopulations S4 and S5 of R. bieti and of R. brelichi in Fanjingshan national reserve, subpopulation CGX of T. francoisi in central Guangxi Province, and all 3 T. leucocephalus sub‐populations in central Guangxi Province. 相似文献
866.
The Tibetan sacred mountains (TSMs) cover a large area and may represent a landscape‐scale conservation opportunity. We compared the conservation value of forests in these mountains with the conservation value of government‐established nature reserves and unmanaged open‐access areas in Danba County, southwestern China. We used Landsat satellite images to map forest cover and to estimate forest loss in 1974–1989, 1989–1999, and 1999–2013. The TSMs (n = 41) and nature reserves (n = 4) accounted for 21.6% and 29.7% of the county's land area, respectively. Remaining land was open‐access areas (i.e., areas without any restrictions on resource use) (56.2%) and farmlands (2.2%). Within the elevation range suitable for forests, forest cover did not differ significantly between nature reserves (58.8%) and open‐access areas (58.4%), but was significantly higher in TSMs (65.5%) after controlling for environmental factors such as aspect, slope, and elevation. The TSMs of great cultural importance had higher forest cover, but patrols by monastery staff were not necessarily associated with increased forest cover. The annual deforestation rate in nonsacred areas almost tripled in 1989–1999 (111.4 ha/year) relative to 1974–1989 (40.4 ha/year), whereas the rate in TSMs decreased in the later period (19.7 ha/year vs. 17.2 ha/year). The reduced forest loss in TSMs in 1989–1999 was possibly due to the renaissance of TSM worship and strengthened management by the local Buddhist community since late 1980s. The annual deforestation rate in Danba decreased dramatically to 4.4 ha/year in 1999–2013, which coincided with the implementation of a national ban on logging in 1998. As the only form of protected area across the Tibetan region during much of its history, TSMs have positively contributed to conserving forest at a landscape scale. Conservation of TSM forests largely relied on the strength of local religious institutions. Integrating community‐based conservation of TSMs within the government conservation network would benefit the conservation of the Tibetan region. 相似文献
867.
为探讨环境染污染物氯化甲基汞(methylmercury chloride,Me Hg Cl)的神经毒性作用机制,采用MTT、免疫细胞荧光、dot Blot、qRT-PCR等实验技术检测Me Hg Cl对PC12细胞活性及其α7亚型烟碱型胆碱能受体(α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,α7n AChR)蛋白和mRNA表达水平的影响。结果显示Me Hg Cl抑制PC12细胞活性,显著降低α7n AChR的蛋白和mRNA的表达水平,呈浓度依赖性。上述结果表明,Me Hg Cl对神经细胞毒性作用可能与抑制α7n AChR表达有关。 相似文献
868.
为了研究固相餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵产甲烷特性,对固相餐厨垃圾进行批式厌氧发酵实验,主要考察了pH、VFA、COD以及纤维素酶活的变化情况,并运用修正Gompertz模型对其产气模型进行动力学拟合。实验结果表明,缓冲溶液的添加可明显促进厌氧发酵产甲烷。在添加缓冲溶液条件下,污泥与餐厨垃圾比例为2:1,1:1,2:3和1:2时,餐厨垃圾都能很好地进行厌氧发酵产甲烷,最大产甲烷产量分别为594.66、449.74、392.93和333.36 mL/g TS。采用修正Gompertz模型分别对2:1、1:1、2:3和1:2实验组产甲烷曲线进行拟合,得到产甲烷潜力分别为567.57、437.89、381.12和305.60 mL/g TS,最大产甲烷速率分别为89.38 、59.81、47.26和25.80 mL/(d·g VS)。对厌氧发酵过程中纤维素酶活的变化进行了研究,结果表明, CMC酶活性在提高餐厨垃圾厌氧发酵过程中纤维素的降解起重要作用。 相似文献
869.
以关中西部某铅锌厂周边农田为对象,研究了厂区周边土壤中7种重金属含量的水平及垂直分布特征,用Lars Hakanson潜在生态危害指数对重金属的危害程度进行了评价。研究表明,厂区周围土壤中重金属在水平分布上具有局部高度富集的特征。以厂区为中心,重金属水平分布主要在西北-东南方向上,地势低的土壤中重金属含量明显较高;重金属在垂直分布上主要富集在0~25 cm的表层土壤中,且随着深度的进一步增加,土壤中重金属浓度变化幅度减弱,基本趋于稳定。厂区周边Cd和Hg污染水平为重度污染,Pb污染水平为中度污染,潜在生态危害程度为重度。 相似文献
870.
采用共混热解法制备系列Ce-Sn-W-Ox复合氧化物,用于NH3选择性催化还原NO。通过正交实验优化Ce-Sn-W-Ox配方,采用环境扫描电镜(ESEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)等表征分析催化剂的微观形貌和固相结构,确立Ce-Sn-W-Ox最佳配比及结构形貌。结果表明,以粒度为5~8 mm的堇青石瓷片担载分散Ce-Sn-W-Ox,进行NH3-SCR脱除NO,当Ce/Sn/W元素摩尔比为1:0.8:0.6时,CeSn0.8W0.6Ox/堇青石NH3-SCR脱除NO效果最好。当空速为7 200 h-1,催化剂在252~426℃内脱除NO效率均大于94%。重点考察了反应空速(GHSV)、水蒸气(H2O)、SO2等对CeSn0.8W0.6Ox/堇青石NH3-SCR脱除NO活性的影响。研究表明,空速低于10 000 h-1时,催化剂脱硝活性受空速影响小;单独通入5%H2O对催化剂脱硝活性基本没有影响;单独通入429 mg/m3 SO2导致催化剂活性略有降低;同时通入429 mg/m3 SO2和5%H2O,催化剂脱硝活性下降至85.33%,除去SO2和H2O后,催化剂活性又能明显回升。 相似文献