都市工业园区规划环评的实践与思考

通过对白沙洲都市工业园规划环评筹备、撰写、执行等环节的剖析,总结了该规划环评的特点,并指出基层环保组织在推动规划环评过程中所起的作用。对应用规划环评成果为园区和谐快速发展服务提出建议。着重探讨了基层环保部门该如何推动规划环评,促进城市中心老工业区改造,发展都市工业因,乃至生态工业园,实现城区经济又好又快发展。提出了法律赋予环保部门管理规划环评的职权不足、公众参与流于形式、规划环评法律约束不力等规刘环评实践过程中遇到的主要问题,并给出建议。     

护栏伤人事故的行为原因研究

为有效预防护栏卡脖伤人事故的再次发生,统计研究了2008—2016年发生的8起护栏卡脖伤人事故,以事故致因"2-4"模型为分析工具对事故发生的行为原因进行分析,结果表明:事故发生的直接原因包括直接不安全动作即在护栏边休息等,其它不安全动作和不安全物态即形状、间隙大小不合理的护栏等;间接原因是受害者、行人、护栏设计生产者、管理运营者、标准制定者的安全知识、意识、习惯、生理、心理存在问题;根本原因是家庭、社区、公司、生产厂家、管理运营单位、国家标准制定单位等组织安全管理体系的缺欠;根源原因是上述组织的安全文化缺欠。最后,针对事故所涉及的组织分别提出预防对策。     

Simulation of three-stage operating temperature for supersaturation water-based condensational growth tube

In order to realize accurate dynamic control of supersaturation and to study condensation growth characteristics of nanoparticles through different levels of super saturation,a series of parametric analyses and systematic comparisons between two-stage and three-stage operating temperature designs were simulated with COMSOL Multiphysics.The simulation results showed that the three-stage operating temperature did not change peak supersaturation compared with two operating temperatures,and the three-stage operating temperature was superior in decreasing the amount of water vapor and the temperature,thus lowering particle loss and variation in detection and collection.The peak supersaturation level increased by 0.3 as the flow rate increased from 0.6 to 2.0 L/min,but the supersaturation peak moved from 0.0027 z0 to 0.08 z0(i.e.,the growth time and the final size decreased by 40%).Peak supersaturation increased as the temperature difference increased or the temperature difference window was shifting left,and minimum activation size decreased.Shifting the 70℃temperature difference window from 9℃,79℃-1℃,71℃for the condenser and initiator temperatures resulted in peak supersaturation in the centerline being above 5.8,and the activation size changed as low as 1 nm.Experiments with flow rates varying by a factor of 2.5(from 0.6 to 1.5 L/min) resulted in a final size decrease of 43%(from 3.2 to 1.8 μm),and experimental results of outlet particle size distributions were equivalent with theoretical analysis as the operating temperature was changed.     

APEC前后北京郊区大气颗粒物变化特征及其潜在源区分析

为分析2014年APE(Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)会议前后北京郊区大气颗粒物数浓度和质量浓度的变化特征及其主要影响因素,于当年11月在北京怀柔区中国科学院大学雁栖湖校区教学一楼楼顶利用微量振荡天平(TEOM)、扫描电迁移率颗粒物粒径谱仪(SMPS)和空气动力学粒径谱仪(APS)对大气颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度分布进行连续在线监测;同时结合地面气象参数和HYSPLIT轨迹模式,对颗粒物的来源和传输过程进行聚类、潜在源区贡献因子(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹(CWT)分析.结果表明,APEC期间(11月5—11日)超细粒子(PM_(0.01～1))数浓度、细粒子(PM_(0.5～2.5))数浓度和粗粒子(PM_(2.5～10))数浓度分别为(17720.1±998.7)、(30.9±3.34)和(0.12±0.01) cm~(-3),比非APEC期间(即11月1—4日和11月12—30日)分别降低了28.8%、58.6%和64.7%;APEC期间ρ(PM_(2.5))为(36.1±2.4)μg·m~(-3),比非APEC期间降低55.5%.PM_(0.5～2.5)数浓度和PM_(2.5～10)数浓度降幅远大于PM_(0.01～1)数浓度,这表明APEC期间的减排措施对于PM_(0.5～2.5)和PM_(2.5～10)的控制效果优于PM_(0.01～1),说明APEC期间对PM_(0.5～2.5)、PM_(2.5～10)数浓度进行了更有效的控制.对北京气流后向轨迹聚类分析发现,来自蒙古国、内蒙古、河北西北部、河北南部方向的气流轨迹对应北京郊区的PM_(0.01～1)数浓度最高,为30593 cm~(-3),来自河北西北部、北京、天津、河北南部方向的气流轨迹对应北京郊区的PM_(0.5～2.5)、PM_(2.5～10)的数浓度及ρ(PM_(2.5))均为最高,分别为190 cm~(-3)、0.65 cm~(-3)、168μg·m~(-3).综合潜在源区贡献因子分析法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析(CWT)的结果分析发现,观测期间北京PM_(0.01～1)与PM_(0.5～2.5)、PM_(2.5～10)的潜在源区存在明显的区别,其中PM_(0.01～1)数浓度的潜在源区分布区域相对较广,主要分布在内蒙古中部、河北西北部、河北中南部和山西东北部等地区,而PM_(0.5～2.5)和PM_(2.5～10)数浓度的潜在源区分布基本一致,而且区域相对较集中,主要分布在河北北部、山西东北部和河北中南部等地区.APEC期间与非APEC期间ρ(PM_(2.5))的源区贡献因子分析和浓度权重轨迹分析表明,APEC期间ρ(PM_(2.5))的主要源区分布比非APEC期间相对较集中,主要位于北京当地、天津等附近地区,该地区对观测点ρ(PM_(2.5))的贡献值在24～40μg·m~(-3)之间.     

Adsorption-oxidation of hydrogen sulfide on Fe/walnut-shell activated carbon surface modified by NH3-plasma

Walnut-shell activated carbon(WSAC) supported ferric oxide was modified by non-thermal plasma(NTP), and the removal efficiency for hydrogen sulfide over Fe/WSAC modified by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) was significantly promoted. The sample modified for10 min and 6.8 k V output(30 V input voltage) maintained 100% H2 S conversion over a long reaction time of 390 min. The surface properties of adsorbents modified by NTP under different conditions were evaluated by the methods of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) analysis and in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), to help understand the effect of the NTP treatment. NTP treatment enhanced the adsorption capacity of Fe/WSAC, which could due to the formation of micro-pores with sizes of0.4, 0.5 and 0.75 nm. XPS revealed that chemisorbed oxygen changed into lattice oxygen after NTP treatment, and lattice oxygen is beneficial for H2 S oxidation. From the in-situ FTIR result,transformation of the reaction path on Fe/WSAC was observed after NTP modification. The research results indicate that NTP is an effective method to improve the surface properties of the Fe/WSAC catalyst for H2 S adsorption-oxidation.     

环境样品中C2-C5脂肪羧酸的直接电导离子色谱法分析

叙述离子排斥色谱法分析环境样品中的C2-C5脂肪羧酸,以4%的正丁醇水溶液代替无机酸溶液作淋洗液,使分析物质得到较好地分离,尤其本底电导降低,可使用电导检测器直接检测,不需抑制,从而使灵敏度有很大提高,适合环境样品的分析.     

新试剂P—NPAQ的合成及其与铜的显色反应研究

合成了新试剂5-(4-硝基苯偶氮)-8-氨基喹啉(P-NPAQ),其结构经红外光谱和元素分析证实.研究了P-NPAQ与铜的显色反应及其最佳条件,在Tween60存在下,铜与P-NPAQ在碱性介质中形成1:2的紫红色配合物,其最大吸收峰位于605nm处,摩尔吸光系数ε=5.92 ×10~4l·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),铜量在0-20μg/25ml范围内符合比尔定律.该方法简便、快速,可不经分离,用于环境样品中铜的测定.     

Selection of microalgae for high CO2 fixation efficiency and lipid accumulation from ten Chlorella strains using municipal wastewater

As significant differences in cellular physiology, metabolic potential and genetics occur among strains with morphological similarity, the screening of appropriate microalgae species for effective CO₂ fixation and biodiesel production is extremely critical. In this study, ten strains of Chlorella were cultivated in municipal wastewater influent (MWI) and their tolerance for MWI, CO₂ fixation efficiency and lipid productivity were assessed. The results showed that the biomass concentrations of four strains (Chlorella vulgaris, Chlorella 64.01, Chlorella regularis var. minima and Chlorella sp.) were significantly higher than other strains. When the cultivation systems were aerated with 10% CO₂, Chlorella sp. showed the highest CO₂ fixation efficiency (35.51%), while the highest lipid accumulation (58.48%) was observed with C. vulgaris. Scanning electron microscopy images revealed that the cells of both Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris kept their normal morphologies after 15 day batch culture. These findings indicated that Chlorella sp. and C. vulgaris have fairly good tolerance for MWI, and moreover, Chlorella sp. was appropriate for CO₂ fixation while C. vulgaris represented the highest potential for producing biodiesel.     

电子垃圾处理研究现状及对策

市场经济的飞速发展带来电子产品的更新换代,电子垃圾已成为目前增速最快的垃圾,如何解决其污染问题,充分利用其中的宝贵资源,是摆在人们面前的一个不容忽视的环境问题.文章在介绍国内外的电子垃圾产生及污染情况的基础上,对我国电子垃圾如何处理提出了对策.     

Homology modeling of anti-parathion antibody and its interaction with organophosphorous pesticides and analogues

The mechanism of specific recognition in pesticide immunochemistry was investigated by computer-based strategy, and a rapid method for the identification of antibody specificity was developed. Based on the previously produced anti-parathion monoclonal antibody (mAb), the DNA sequence was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). From the translated amino acid sequences, a three-dimensional structure of the antibody was constructed by homology modeling method, and then it was coordinated by 1 ns molecular dynamics under the explicit solvent condition. The stereochemical property and folding quality were further assessed by Procheck and Profile-3D. The self-compatibility score for the antibody model was 98.7, which was greater than the low score 46.2 and close to the top score 102.6. In addition, parathion and several structural analogues were docked to the constructed antibody structure. The docking results showed that the interaction energy (-40.54 kcal/mol) of antibody-parathion complex was the lowest among all the tested pesticides, which accounted for the high specificity of the antibody to parathion and perfectly matched with the experimental data. Moreover, three residues, Phe165, Asp107 and Thr100 were recognized as the most important residues for antibody reacting with parathion. The interaction energy negatively correlated with the antibody specificity.