典型化工园区大气中挥发性有机物污染调查

对常州市某典型化工园区大气中挥发性有机物(VOCs)污染状况进行了调查。结果表明,该化工园区大气中检出挥发性有机物共有58种,组分有芳香烃、饱和烷烃、卤代烃、烯烃、醛酯类化合物及其他类;苯、甲苯、乙苯、二甲苯为主要挥发性有机污染物,质量浓度为1.0~194μg/m~3;均未超出参考标准的限值。背景点位和园区点位大气中主要ρ总(VOCs)在秋冬季最高,敏感点大气VOCs随季节变化也较为明显;园区T1和T2ρ总(VOCs)年均值高于敏感点位,背景点位年均值最低;园区点位除了汽车尾气排放之外,溶剂的挥发和生产工艺中污染物的排放也增加了大气中苯系物的浓度,同时也对敏感点位和对照点位的大气质量产生了一定的影响。     

消除高氯离子对测定CODCr影响的方法探讨

探讨了高氯废水对测定CODcr产生的影响及消除办法,通过加入过量的硫酸汞消除氯离子,可确保CODcr测定结果的准确性。     

DNPH衍生化采样-溶剂解析-高效液相色谱法同时测定木制品中25种醛酮化合物

建立了DNPH衍生化采样-溶剂解析-高效液相色谱测定木制品中醛酮化合物的方法。采样时需在2,4-二硝基苯肼吸附管前串联一只SEP-PAK脱臭氧小柱;采样体积应≤10 L,流量≤400 m L/min。该法对25种醛(酮)化合物对应的衍生物分离效果良好,在0.005~3 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数R2≥0.999 6,回收率为85.3%~113.5%,精密度为2.67%~4.56%。采样量为10 L时,25种醛(酮)化合物的检出限和定量限分别≤0.16和0.50μg/m3。     

膜-生物反应器运行条件对膜过滤特性的影响

试验采用膜抽吸压力的上升速率表征运行过程中膜过滤性能的变化。正交试验结果表明,缩短抽吸时间或延长暂停时间和增加曝气量均有利于减缓膜污染,但过短的抽吸时间、过长的暂停时间和过大曝气量不能进一步地减轻膜污染,因此应在保证一定产水量的前提下确定适宜的抽、停时间和曝气量。在污泥龄４０ｄ,污泥浓度稳定在５ｇ／Ｌ左右的条件下,最佳组合操作条件为抽吸１０ｍｉｎ,停抽５ｍｉｎ,曝气量４ｍ＾３／ｈ。３个因素中抽吸时     

试论环境监测站良好站风建设

运用管理学、心理学、教育学的原理,结合监测站的特点与论述了站风建设的重要性,并从监测方针,发展目标,民主管理等方面阐述了良好站风的建设,指出了站风建设是监测站精神文明建设的集中体现。     

认知与方法论双视角下建筑工人不安全行为的研究现状及发展趋势分析

鉴于不安全行为发生时工人处在一个特定主体、空间及时间的三维空间,并存在与之相对应的总体效度、生态效度和时间效度,采用定性方法对认知与方法论双视角下建筑工人不安全行为的研究现状及发展趋势进行了多维度、多效度分析.结果表明:当前认知视角下建筑工人不安全行为研究主要采用具有较高总体效度的自我报告法、行为观察法等传统研究方法,...     

企业安全文化的作用及其定量测量探讨

运用理论分析、案例实证方法,限定性地给出企业安全文化的定义,认为它是企业安全管理所需要的若干核心理念。该核心理念在企业得到接受的状况就是企业安全文化建设的水平,它可以用测量设备进行测量,并可用于定量跟踪企业安全文化建设的进展。理论与实证研究表明:企业安全文化测量值的提高标志着企业安全业绩的进步;安全文化的观测值可以作为企业重大事故预警的指标值。实际测量得知,在所研究的案例企业,安全文化水平大约达到世界最先进水平的85%,是我国的一个较好的例证。     

Biodegradation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) by anaerobic consortia from a contaminated site

This study examined the role of denitrifying and sulfate-reducing bacteria in biodegradation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN). Microbial inocula were obtained from a PETN-contaminated soil. PETN degradation was evaluated using nitrate and/or sulfate as electron acceptors and acetate as a carbon source. Results showed that under different electron acceptor conditions tested, PETN was sequentially reduced to pentaerythritol via the intermediary formation of tri-, di- and mononitrate pentaerythritol (PETriN, PEDN and PEMN). The addition of nitrate enhanced the degradation rate of PETN by stimulating greater microbial activity and growth of nitrite reducing bacteria that were responsible for degrading PETN. However, a high concentration of nitrite (350 mg L⁻¹) accumulated from nitrate reduction, consequently caused self-inhibition and temporarily delayed PETN biodegradation. In contrast, PETN degraded at very similar rates in the presence and absence of sulfate, while PETN inhibited sulfate reduction. It is apparent that denitrifying bacteria possessing nitrite reductase were capable of using PETN and its intermediates as terminal electron acceptors in a preferential utilization sequence of PETN, PETriN, PEDN and PEMN, while sulfate-reducing bacteria were not involved in PETN biodegradation. This study demonstrated that under anaerobic conditions and with sufficient carbon source, PETN can be effectively biotransformed by indigenous denitrifying bacteria, providing a viable means of treatment for PETN-containing wastewaters and PETN-contaminated soils.     

近百年来洞庭湖堤垸空间变化及成因分析

系统分析洞庭湖堤垸的空间变迁规律对于阐明湖区调蓄水量的变化原因及其洪涝灾害的形成机制具有重要的意义。以《洞庭湖历史变迁地图集》为基础,运用ArcGIS的空间分析技术,对洞庭湖民国前期（1921~1930年）、民国后期（1930~1949年）、解放初期（1950~1963年）、20世纪70年代（1963~1980年）和现状（80年代至今）5个时期的堤垸演变进行了研究,详细分析了其空间格局的变迁规律及其成因。研究结果表明：自民国以来洞庭湖的堤垸面积虽不断增加,但速率明显减慢,从最初的3126%减缓至现在的273%;民国前期洞庭湖堤垸面积为5 08419 km2,民国后期所围堤垸主要集中在沅江中东部;至解放初期,通过兴建国营农场,并且在大通湖及西、南洞庭湖进行围垸,堤垸面积增加至8 10210 km2;至20世纪70年代,堤垸扩展部分主要集中在湖区西北角;近30 a来,由于“退田还湖”政策的实施,堤垸面积及其分布相对变化不大     

Oxidative stress in the kidney injury of mice following exposure to lanthanides trichloride

Environmental pollution from lanthanides (Ln) has been recognized as a major problem due to a grab exploitation of Ln mine in China. Exposure to Ln has been demonstrated to cause the nephrotoxicity, very little is known about the mechanism of oxidative damage to kidney in animals. In order to understand Ln-induced nephrotoxicity, various biochemical and chemical parameters were assayed in mouse kidney. Intragastric exposures of LaCl₃, CeCl₃, and NdCl₃ at doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg kg⁻¹ BW for 90 consecutive days caused nephritis or epithelial cell necrosis and oxidative stress to kidney. An increase in coefficients of the kidney, La, Ce, and Nd accumulation and histopathological changes in the kidney could be observed, followed by increased reactive oxygen species production and peroxidation levels of lipid, protein and DNA, and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase as well as antioxidants such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and thiol contents. Furthermore, La, Ce, and Nd significantly suppressed expression of genes and proteins of these antioxidative enzymes in mouse kidney. In addition, kidney functions were disrupted, including an increase of the creatinine, and reductions of uric acid, urea nitrogen, calcium and phosphonium. These findings suggest that nephritis generation or epithelial cell necrosis in mice following exposure to Ln is closely associated with oxidative stress. Of these damages, the most severe was in the Ce³⁺-exposed kidneys, next in the Nd³⁺-exposed kidneys, and the least in the La³⁺-exposed kidneys, which may be attributed to the 4f electron of Ln.