Metal contamination in sediments of the western Bohai Bay and adjacent estuaries, China

Twelve sediment cores were collected in July 2007 in open waters of western Bohai Bay, the Port of Tianjin, and the adjacent estuaries of the Haihe and Yongding Rivers. While overall concentrations of trace metals at incremental depths in these cores met the Marine Sediment Quality (GB18668-2002) criteria of China, the magnitude of both metal enrichment factors (EF) and geoaccumulation indices (I(geo)) suggested that pollution with Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn was occurring in the estuaries and Port. Risk analysis also suggested that Ag and Ni concentrations were sufficiently elevated as to cause adverse biological effects in the study area. Although metal concentrations in western Bohai Bay were of less concern, a positive relationship between EF values and excess (210)Pb activity for several metals suggested that their concentrations were increasing over time.     

武汉城市圈产业结构动态分析

武汉市作为国家“两型社会”改革试点城市圈之一,又是武汉城市圈的龙头城市,在面临东部产业转移和国家积极调整产业结构的背景下,一方面必须积极承接东部转移产业,另一方面又必须调整产业结构,以保证经济的可持续发展.基于前人的研究,对武汉城市圈9个城市的三次产业发展情况进行区位熵分析,并结合武汉城市圈整体产业结构的洛伦兹曲线和基尼系数分析得出武汉城市圈9个城市的产业结构现状,以及在各个产业上的比较优势和产业结构相似性的情况,在武汉城市圈面临迎接产业转移和自身产业结构调整双重任务的前提下,结合可持续发展模式对武汉城市圈产业布局优化和产业结构调整提出政策建议.     

热水介质＋脱附破乳组剂处理高凝固点油泥的条件研究

通过热水介质添加脱附破乳组剂的方法,研究了辽河油田公司沈阳采油厂油泥分离的相关条件。通过油泥的组分分析、热水介质温度实验、处理时间实验、脱附破乳组剂浓度实验,确定了热水介质添加脱附破乳组剂实现油泥分离的条件:脱附破乳组剂浓度为15.0 g/L、洗涤温度50℃、洗涤时间大于5 min。     

入河排污口在总量控制中的作用

入河排污口在污染源与水环境间起桥梁作用,入河排污口的入河量是对水环境影响大小的最直接贡献值,作好入河排污口的监测工作,既可对污染源的排污起监督作用,也可得到某区域相对最为可靠的排污总量和河流纳污量,因此,入河排污口是目前总量管理的基础     

多孔TiO2为载体的V2O5-WO3脱硝催化剂制备和表征

以硫酸氧钛为钛源,氨水为沉淀剂,制备得到大比表面积(60m2/g)的锐钛矿TiO2载体.TiO2载体具有多孔结构,孔径集中在5～12nm,孔体积达到0.24cm3/g.以多孔TiO2为载体,采用浸渍法制备不同V2O5负载量的V2O5-WO3催化剂,利用拉曼(Raman)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)对催化剂进行表征,并研究了不同V2O5负载量催化剂的脱硝活性,以及NO浓度和NH3/NO摩尔比对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,V2O5在TiO2表面高度分散,当V2O5负载量在3%(质量分数)以下时,载体表面钒物种为单体钒,表现出最好的脱硝活性,在280～450℃内NO转化率均能达到90%以上.该催化剂对不同进口NO浓度有较强的适应能力.采用该催化剂的脱硝工艺,NH3/NO摩尔比宜保持在0.8～1.0.     

开放静置体系中白地霉Y1对染料脱色降解研究

采用白地霉Y1对染料进行脱色,考察了染料初始浓度、接种量、pH值、C/N比和温度等因素对白地霉降解溴酚蓝的影响,并对其降解机理进行了探讨。实验结果表明：白地霉能在开放静置条件下对部分染料进行有效的脱色,对溴酚蓝尤其有效。开放静置体系下,白地霉能对300 mg/L的溴酚蓝进行脱色,脱色pH和温度分别为2～8、25～40℃,高碳低氮环境中更有利于脱色,接种量对染料脱色影响不大。通过对胞外液絮凝及脱色作用、葡萄糖代谢情况及染料脱色扫描图谱分析表明,白地霉主要通过分泌胞外液对溴酚蓝进行作用,且能对溴酚蓝有效降解。     

Spatiotemporal multimedia emission inventory for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons near petroleum production plants in China based on a 10′ × 10′ grid

A spatiotemporal model was developed to investigate emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Daqing, a Chinese city with large petroleum industry plants. The model was based on land-use types determined on a 10′?×?10′ grid. A geographic information system and regression analyses were used to characterise spatial and temporal variations in PAH emissions into multiple environmental media. The simulated results were validated using previously published experimental data, and the model was found to function well. PAH emissions to the atmosphere, soil, and surface water between 1998 and 2013 were estimated. The results indicated that PAH emissions to the atmosphere increased but PAH emissions to the soil and surface water decreased over the study period. PAH emissions to the atmosphere were markedly higher in winter than in summer. PAH emissions were concentrated in urban areas and areas near petroleum production plants, indicating that PAH emissions were closely related to industrial activities. The results will support research into the migration and transformation of PAHs and human health and ecological risk assessments. The results may also be useful for developing policies for controlling PAH pollution and managing risks associated with PAHs.     

多氯联苯羟基化代谢物及其雌激素效应研究进展

多氯联苯作为一种环境内分泌干扰物,具有一定的雌激素干扰效应,导致动物雌激素水平紊乱或功能异常,从而影响生殖、发育或行为。羟基多氯联苯是多氯联苯最主要的活性代谢产物,已经在动物和人体组织中被检出。羟基多氯联苯的化学性质和分子空间构象使其雌激素干扰效应可能较母体化合物更强。因此,它们对人类和动物机体的潜在影响以及由此带来的新的毒理学问题成为内分泌干扰研究领域的热点之一,相关的毒性作用机制需要进一步探索。本文对多氯联苯的代谢途径、羟基多氯联苯在生物体内的暴露水平、雌激素干扰效应及作用机制进行综述。     

Fe/TiO2光催化降解水溶液中的4-氯苯酚

以TiO2-P25及FeC2O4为前驱物制备了Fe3 掺杂TiO2光催化剂--Fe/TiO2.X射线衍射结果表明,500 ℃煅烧温度下的Fe/TiO2主要是锐态矿晶型,当掺Fe3 量为0.5%(质量分数,下同)时,Fe3 以取代掺杂形式进入TiO2晶格,而当掺Fe3 量达5.0%时,则出现α-Fe2O3的特征衍射峰;900 ℃煅烧温度下的Fe/TiO2则均为金红石晶型,掺Fe3 量达2.0%～5.0%时,出现Fe2TiO5的特征衍射峰.4-氯苯酚的光催化实验结果表明,煅烧温度及Fe3 掺杂量对Fe/TiO2的光催化活性有显著影响,以煅烧温度500 ℃及掺Fe3 量0.5%的Fe/TiO2为光催化剂,反应80 min,4-氯苯酚的降解率达100%,总有机碳去除率约95%.     

CuO/TiO2-H2O2可见光催化亚甲基蓝脱色效果及影响因素研究

以水解法制备的锐钛矿型TiO2为载体,制备了CuO/TiO2型光催化剂.以亚甲基蓝为对象,在可见光照射下研究了H2O3加入量、pH值和催化剂投加量对脱色效果的影响,同时与改性前的TiO2催化剂进行了脱色效果的对比.结果表明亚甲基蓝在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和CuO/TiO2催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入10 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好;另外,TiO2催化剂也在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入12.5 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好.最优条件下对比实验表明,CuO/TiO2型催化剂在可见光照射下具有很高的催化活性,亚甲基蓝2 h脱色率达到88%,远好于改性前的TiO2和Degussa P25催化剂.