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81.
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Current knowledge in tidal bores and their environmental,ecological and cultural impacts 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Hubert Chanson 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2011,11(1):77-98
A tidal bore is a series of waves propagating upstream as the tidal flow turns to rising. It forms during the spring tide
conditions when the tidal range exceeds 5–6 m and the flood tide is confined to a narrow funnelled estuary with low freshwater
levels. A tidal bore is associated with a massive mixing of the estuarine waters that stirs the organic matter and creates
some rich fishing grounds. Its occurrence is essential to many ecological processes and the survival of unique eco-systems.
The tidal bore is also an integral part of the cultural heritage in many regions: the Qiantang River bore in China, the Severn
River bore in UK, the Dordogne River in France. In this contribution, the environmental, ecological and cultural impacts of
tidal bores are reviewed, explained and discussed. 相似文献
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Hubert Chanson 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2011,11(4):385-404
A tidal bore may occur in a macro-tidal estuary when the tidal range exceeds 4.5–6 m and the estuary bathymetry amplifies
the tidal wave. Its upstream propagation induces a strong mixing of the estuarine waters. The propagation of undular tidal
bores was investigated herein to study the effect of bridge piers on the bore propagation and characteristics. Both the tidal
bore profile and the turbulence generated by the bore were recorded. The free-surface undulation profiles exhibited a quasi-periodic
shape, and the potential energy of the undulations represented up to 30% of the potential energy of the tidal bore. The presence
of the channel constriction had a major impact on the free-surface properties. The undular tidal bore lost nearly one third
of its potential energy per surface area as it propagated through the channel constriction. The detailed instantaneous velocity
measurements showed a marked effect of the tidal bore passage suggesting the upstream advection of energetic events and vorticity
“clouds” behind the bore front in both channel configurations: prismatic and with constriction. The turbulence patches were
linked to some secondary motions and the proposed mechanisms were consistent with some field observations in the Daly River
tidal bore. The findings emphasise the strong mixing induced by the tidal bore processes, and the impact of bridge structures
on the phenomenon. 相似文献
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A tidal bore is a series of waves propagating upstream as the tidal flow turns to rising, and the bore front corresponds to the leading edge of the tidal wave in a funnel shaped estuarine zone with macro-tidal conditions. Some field observations were conducted in the tidal bore of the Garonne River on 7 June 2012 in the Arcins channel, a few weeks after a major flood. The tidal bore was a flat undular bore with a Froude number close to unity: $\hbox {Fr}_{1} = 1.02$ and 1.19 (morning and afternoon respectively). A key feature of the study was the simultaneous recording of the water elevation, instantaneous velocity components and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) estimates, together with a detailed characterisation of the sediment bed materials. The sediment was some silty material ( $\hbox {d}_{50} \approx 13~\upmu \hbox {m}$ ) which exhibited some non-Newtonion thixotropic behaviour. The velocity and SSC estimate were recorded simultaneously at high frequency, enabling a quantitative estimate of the suspended sediment flux at the end of the ebb tide and during the early flood tide. The net sediment flux per unit area was directed upstream after the bore, and its magnitude was much larger than that at end of ebb tide. The field observations highlighted a number of unusual features on the morning of 7 June 2012. These included (a) a slight rise in water elevation starting about 70 s prior to the front, (b) a delayed flow reversal about 50 s after the bore front, (c) some large fluctuations in suspended sediment concentration (SSC) about 100 s after the bore front and (d) a transient water elevation lowering about 10 min after the bore front passage. The measurements of water temperature and salinity showed nearly identical results before and after the tidal bore, with no evidence of saline and thermal front during the study. 相似文献
87.
Cabonce Joseph Fernando Ramith Wang Hang Chanson Hubert 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2019,19(1):157-179
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - A culvert is a covered channel to pass streams and floodwaters through an embankment. The ecological impact of culverts has been recognised, in particular in terms... 相似文献
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