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301.
Afforestation of agricultural lands has been one of the major land use changes in China in recent decades. To better understand
the effect of such land use change on soil quality, we investigated selected soil physical, chemical and microbial properties
(0–15 cm depth) in marginal agricultural land and a chronosequence of poplar (Populus
euramericana cv. ‘N3016’) plantations (5-, 10-, 15- and 20-years old) in a semi-arid area of Northeast China. Soil bulk density significantly
declined after conversion of agricultural lands to poplar plantations. Soil total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (TN) concentrations,
microbial biomass C (MBC) and potential N mineralization rate (PNM) decreased initially following afforestation of agricultural
lands, and then increased with stand development. However, soil metabolic quotient (qCO2) exhibited a reverse trend. In addition, soil particulate organic matter C (POM-C) and N (POM-N) concentrations showed no
significant changes in the first 10 years following afforestation, and then increased with stand age. These findings demonstrated
that soil quality declined initially following afforestation of agricultural lands in semi-arid regions, and then recovered
with stand development. Following 15 years of afforestation, many soil quality parameters recovered to the values found in
agricultural land. We propose that change in soil quality with stand age should be considered in determining optimum rotation
length of plantations and best management practices for afforestation programs. 相似文献
302.
303.
我国旅游产业发展水平不高,其深层次的原因是旅游产业链中存在着严重的纵向外部性问题。在借助演化博弈思想对旅游产业链中经济主体的决策行为进行深入分析后,认为纵向一体化战略联盟能有效提升旅游产业链和相关主体利益,在传统的纵向一体化联盟基础上提出了一种界于市场和企业,但又不同于完全一体化的"混合"组织形式——松散型纵向一体化战略联盟,并初步描绘了这一联盟模式的构建过程。 相似文献
304.
江苏省农业面源污染与经济增长关系的实证 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
运用基于VAR模型的脉冲响应函数和方差分解的方法,考察了江苏省1990-2007年农业面源污染与经济增长的动态演进关系。研究结果表明:①经济增长是影响江苏省农业面源污染的重要原因,农业面源污染的环境库兹涅茨曲线规律在一定程度上得到验证;②农业面源污染对江苏省经济增长的影响不明显,且具有一定滞后效应;③方差分解结果显示人均GDP是解释农业面源预测方差的重要变量,而农业面源污染对经济增长的预测方差贡献度则相对较小。因此,我们要充分关注江苏省经济快速增长对农业环境质量恶化所带来的负面影响。同时,为了充分体现农业面源污染对江苏省经济增长的反作用,其关键前提是必须要对农业面源污染所导致的负外部效应进行清晰的界定,以及建立一个有效、完善的农业资源配置、污染权的市场交易机制,以充分发挥资源约束和环境恶化对涉农微观经济主体投资、生产和消费行为的影响,进而对经济增长形成反作用。 相似文献
305.
HCl是城市垃圾焚烧产生的主要气体污染物之一。将一种新型脱氯剂TiO2引入到垃圾焚烧系统中,并与其他脱氯剂的性能进行比较。研究了不同脱氯剂使用量、不同反应温度和不同HCl气体浓度对TiO2、CaO和CaTiO3脱氯效果的影响。结果显示,TiO2能在高温(800~1 000℃)、高HCl浓度(1 303.6~1 629.5 mg/m3)下获得较好的脱氯效果。与传统的脱氯剂CaO相比,TiO2更适合于高温烟气脱氯,其在1 000℃时的氯容(36.3 mg HCl/g TiO2)几乎是相同情况下的CaO氯容(9.3 mg HCl/g CaO)的4倍。而CaTiO3的脱氯效果不但受到自身分解效率的影响,还受到TiO2和CaO脱氯效果的影响,其脱氯效果较差。 相似文献
306.
为了解决膜生物反应器(MBR)运行成本高、膜污染的问题,本研究建立了一个微生物燃料电池(MFC)-MBR耦合系统,通过MFC回收污水中的能量,同时控制膜污染。研究结果表明,耦合系统对COD和NH3-N的去除率分别为(94.6±3.0)%和(90.9±6.9)%,出水水质稳定。由于MFC的耦合作用,使MBR的运行周期由18 d延长至36 d,膜污染得到了明显的减缓。耦合系统中MFC产电性能稳定,电流密度稳定在5.7 A/m3,最大功率密度达到了928.0 mW/m3,循环伏安法(CV)表明,阴极附着的微生物具有良好的电化学催化作用。MFC-MBR耦合系统将污水中的化学能转化为电能从而实现了膜污染的减缓及能量的回收,显示出巨大的发展前景。 相似文献
307.
利用高压静电纺丝技术,制得含有羧基的导电聚合物纤维(聚偏氟乙烯/苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物/纳米石墨),高温水热条件下在纤维表面制备CdIn2S4颗粒,得到CdIn2S4/导电聚合物纤维复合材料。运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱仪(UV-Vis)和热失重分析仪(TGA)对复合材料的结构进行表征。并利用350 W氙灯模拟太阳光进行光催化降解罗丹明B。结果发现,CdIn2S4/导电聚合物纤维复合材料的降解效率高于CdIn2S4粉体和Degussa P25 TiO2粉体,光催化降解3 h,罗丹明B的降解率为96.2%。 相似文献
308.
蒸散的估算在区域能量平衡和水资源研究中具有重要意义,遥感技术发展促进了区域蒸散的研究。利用安徽省气象资料、MODIS数据产品及GIS背景信息,基于SEBAL模型,按1 km空间分辨率进行了面尺度的安徽省日蒸散量估算,并在GIS空间分析模块的支持下对不同土地覆盖类型的日蒸散量进行统计分析。结果表明:遥感估算的蒸散量与利用Penman Monteith公式计算的蒸散量比较,两者之间具有较好的相关性,遥感蒸散估算值整体偏小,不同土地利用类型的日蒸散量间差异显著。遥感蒸散估算方法在安徽省具有一定的实用性,需优化模型参数,以提高其进一步技术推广的前景 相似文献
309.
Limei Chen Guodong Ding Yu Gao Pei Wang Rong Shi Hong Huang Ying Tian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6170-6175
Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral nutrient in mammals. The physiological role of Mn in animal models is well documented, but little is known about the adverse effects of Mn deficiency or overexposure in humans, including pregnancy outcomes such as birth weight. We examined the relationship of the maternal and cord blood Mn levels with birth weight in a cohort of 172 mother–infant pairs born in Shanghai, China. Non-linear spline and quadratic regression models were used to test the hypothesis of an inverted U-shaped association between the Mn levels and birth weight. The median (range) levels of Mn in the maternal and cord blood were 5.38 (2.34–30.37) μg/dL and 7.66 (2.57–34.23) μg/dL, respectively. An inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between maternal Mn and birth weight after adjusting for potential confounders. The birth weight increased with Mn levels up to 4.18 μg/dL, and a slight reduction in weight was observed at higher levels. The cord blood Mn levels were not found to be associated with birth weight. Both lower and higher Mn exposures are associated with lower birth weight, which may influence important developmental parameters; the association of higher Mn levels with lower weight was weak and imprecise. 相似文献
310.
Hui Zhou Aihong Meng Yanqiu Long Qinghai Li 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2014,64(5):597-616
Municipal solid waste (MSW) has been normally sorted into six categories, namely, food residue, wood waste, paper, textiles, plastics, and rubber. In each category, materials could be classified further into subgroups. Based on proximate and ultimate analysis and heating value, statistical methods such as analysis of variance (ANOVA) and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the characteristics of MSW in every subgroup and to try to distinguish their relative properties. The chemical characteristics analysis of MSW showed that polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) had the highest volatile matter content, with almost no ash and fixed carbon, while polyethylene terephthalate (PET) had high carbon content but low hydrogen content. Bones and vegetables had the highest ash content, while nutshells and rubber had the highest fixed carbon content. Paper and starch food had the highest oxygen content, and wool and bones had the highest nitrogen and sulfur content. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) had the highest chlorine content at about 55%. PE, PP, and PS had the highest heating value, followed by chemical products such as rubber and chemical fiber. Conversely, paper, vegetables and bones had the lowest heating value. The results of cluster analysis of MSW components showed that fruit peel, weeds, wood, bamboo, leaves and nutshells could be classified as the lignocellulose category; starch food, cotton, toilet paper, printing paper and cardboard could be classified as the glucose monomer category; wood and chemical fiber could be classified as the high nitrogen and sulfur category; and PE, PP, and PS could be cluster as the polyolefin category.
Implications: The yield of municipal solid waste (MSW) is constantly increasing and waste to energy (WTE) has been used extensively all over the world. During the processes of incineration, pyrolysis, or gasification, the impact of physical and chemical properties of MSW is of great significance. However, the traditional classification of MSW is too general to provide more detailed information in many investigations. It is necessary to perform the investigation of characteristics of combustible MSW to distinguish different categories of MSW and find out their subclassification. 相似文献